RAD 112 FINALS PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
entrance roller marks - Dark lines from dirty or malfunctioning processor rollers.
crinkle mark - Crescent-shaped pressure marks from bending or rough handling of film
before processing.
finger marks - Clear or white smudges caused by greasy fingers preventing developer
contact.
Emulsion Pick off - Small areas of emulsion peeled off during processing, causing
reduced-density spots
Water stain - Dark, irregular areas caused by moisture on film or intensifying screens
during exposure.
motion - Blurring due to patient or equipment movement during exposure.
improper positioning - Errors due to wrong patient positioning
Poor Film Screen Contact - Blurred or uneven images due to poor contact between film
and intensifying screen, cassette damage, or dirt.
Double Exposure - Film exposed twice, causing overlapping images.
Foreign Object - Objects in field of view cause unexpected shadows or densities.
Backscatter - Scattered x-rays causing faint halo or ghost images, reducing contrast
Cassette Upside-Down - Artifact from cassette loaded backward in bucky tray.
Broken Cassette - Physical cassette damage causing artifacts.
Improper Use of Grid - Grid misalignment causes grid cutoff or uneven exposure.
High-Voltage Artifact - Streak-like distortion from x-ray tube voltage fluctuations or
arcing.
Moiré Artifact - Wavelike or zebra stripe pattern from interference of repetitive patterns,
common in digital or MRI images
, Clothes Rippling - Shadow lines from folds or patterns in patient's clothing resembling
pathology.
Hair Streaking - Lines caused by hair or accessories in imaging field, can mimic
calcification
jewelry - Metallic objects causing shadows or bright spots, obscuring anatomy
hearing aid - Metallic hearing aids cause MRI artifacts, distortion around implant site.
Scatter fog - Generalized hazy image caused by scattered x-rays degrading image
contrast.
sand bag artifacts - Shadow from positioning aids like sandbags seen on image, may
mimic pathology
umbilical artifacts - Artifacts near umbilical region from clips, jewelry, or calcifications.
Dirt on screen - White spots from dust or debris on intensifying screens or digital
detectors.
Fogging - Hazy or less distinct image due to light leaks or improper handling.
Grid cutoff - Light area on image edges from misaligned or improperly used grids.
light fog - Overall fogging from exposure to light during storage or handling.
radiation fog - Fog from scatter radiation exposure to film before processing.
Static - Same as processing static; dark branching lines from static discharge.
scratches - physical damage to film surface from handling causing lines or marks.
Hypo Retention - See Processing Artifacts section.
Films Stuck Together - Films processed while stuck cause emulsion damage and
artifacts.
Desired Outcome - Acceptable diagnostic image, correct diagnosis, and customer
satisfaction.
Quality Control Testing - Minimizes risk of sub-quality images but doesn't prevent all
errors.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
entrance roller marks - Dark lines from dirty or malfunctioning processor rollers.
crinkle mark - Crescent-shaped pressure marks from bending or rough handling of film
before processing.
finger marks - Clear or white smudges caused by greasy fingers preventing developer
contact.
Emulsion Pick off - Small areas of emulsion peeled off during processing, causing
reduced-density spots
Water stain - Dark, irregular areas caused by moisture on film or intensifying screens
during exposure.
motion - Blurring due to patient or equipment movement during exposure.
improper positioning - Errors due to wrong patient positioning
Poor Film Screen Contact - Blurred or uneven images due to poor contact between film
and intensifying screen, cassette damage, or dirt.
Double Exposure - Film exposed twice, causing overlapping images.
Foreign Object - Objects in field of view cause unexpected shadows or densities.
Backscatter - Scattered x-rays causing faint halo or ghost images, reducing contrast
Cassette Upside-Down - Artifact from cassette loaded backward in bucky tray.
Broken Cassette - Physical cassette damage causing artifacts.
Improper Use of Grid - Grid misalignment causes grid cutoff or uneven exposure.
High-Voltage Artifact - Streak-like distortion from x-ray tube voltage fluctuations or
arcing.
Moiré Artifact - Wavelike or zebra stripe pattern from interference of repetitive patterns,
common in digital or MRI images
, Clothes Rippling - Shadow lines from folds or patterns in patient's clothing resembling
pathology.
Hair Streaking - Lines caused by hair or accessories in imaging field, can mimic
calcification
jewelry - Metallic objects causing shadows or bright spots, obscuring anatomy
hearing aid - Metallic hearing aids cause MRI artifacts, distortion around implant site.
Scatter fog - Generalized hazy image caused by scattered x-rays degrading image
contrast.
sand bag artifacts - Shadow from positioning aids like sandbags seen on image, may
mimic pathology
umbilical artifacts - Artifacts near umbilical region from clips, jewelry, or calcifications.
Dirt on screen - White spots from dust or debris on intensifying screens or digital
detectors.
Fogging - Hazy or less distinct image due to light leaks or improper handling.
Grid cutoff - Light area on image edges from misaligned or improperly used grids.
light fog - Overall fogging from exposure to light during storage or handling.
radiation fog - Fog from scatter radiation exposure to film before processing.
Static - Same as processing static; dark branching lines from static discharge.
scratches - physical damage to film surface from handling causing lines or marks.
Hypo Retention - See Processing Artifacts section.
Films Stuck Together - Films processed while stuck cause emulsion damage and
artifacts.
Desired Outcome - Acceptable diagnostic image, correct diagnosis, and customer
satisfaction.
Quality Control Testing - Minimizes risk of sub-quality images but doesn't prevent all
errors.
