WGU D564 Theories of Personality Exam QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS| ACCURATE REAL EXAM WITH
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS|ALREADY A
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Shaping - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece
of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until a square block
comes to resemble a person or an animal.
punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-an aversive consequence that follows an act in
order to stop the act and prevent its repetition.
secondary drives - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a drive that is learned
through its association with primary drives, and includes drives for love, prestige,
money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration automatically creates an impulse
toward aggression.
,approach-avoidance conflict - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once
attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - CORRECT ANSWER-1. an
increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal.
2. whenever there are two competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one
with greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the tendency to approach a
positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most important,
tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - CORRECT ANSWER-Rotter's theory of how the value and
perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect the probability of a goal-
seeking behavior.
five principles of how to punish - CORRECT ANSWER-1. availability of alternatives
(e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational
specificity 3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours
earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli (e.g., counting to 3) 5.
avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-1. punishment arouses emotion 2. it is
difficult to be consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment 4.
punishment teaches misuse of power 5. punishment motivates concealment
habit hierarchy - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all
of the behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from most to least
probable.
,drive - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the
reduction of which feels good.
primary drives - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an
organism, such as the hunger drive.
expectancy - CORRECT ANSWER-in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to
which an individual believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
efficacy expectations - CORRECT ANSWER-in Bandura's social learning theory, one's
belief that one can perform a given goal-directed behavior.
learning - CORRECT ANSWER-in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of
experience.
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER-the theoretical view of personality that focuses on
overt behavior and the ways in which it can be affected by rewards and
punishments in the environment.
functional analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-in behaviorism, a description of how a
behavior is a function of the environment of the person or animal that performs
it.
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that everything a person knows comes from
experience.
, tabula rasa - CORRECT ANSWER-Latin for 'blank slate,' term used by 19th century
philosopher John Locke used to describe the mind of a newborn baby ready to be
written on by experience.
associationism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that all complex ideas are combinations
of two or more simple ideas.
hedonism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that people are motivated to seek pleasure
and avoid pain.
rewards and punishment on motivation - CORRECT ANSWER-the fundamental
motivations of pleasure and pain explain why rewards and punishments shape
behavior.
utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that the best society is the one that
creates the most happiness for the largest number of people.
habituation - CORRECT ANSWER-the decrease in response to a stimulus on repeated
applications; this is the simplest kind of learning.
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER-the kind of learning in which an
unconditioned response (such as salivating), that is naturally elicited by one
stimulus (such as food), becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
(such as a bell).
CORRECT ANSWERS| ACCURATE REAL EXAM WITH
FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS|ALREADY A
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE 2025
Shaping - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece
of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until a square block
comes to resemble a person or an animal.
punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-an aversive consequence that follows an act in
order to stop the act and prevent its repetition.
secondary drives - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a drive that is learned
through its association with primary drives, and includes drives for love, prestige,
money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration automatically creates an impulse
toward aggression.
,approach-avoidance conflict - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once
attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - CORRECT ANSWER-1. an
increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal.
2. whenever there are two competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one
with greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the tendency to approach a
positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most important,
tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - CORRECT ANSWER-Rotter's theory of how the value and
perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect the probability of a goal-
seeking behavior.
five principles of how to punish - CORRECT ANSWER-1. availability of alternatives
(e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational
specificity 3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours
earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli (e.g., counting to 3) 5.
avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - CORRECT ANSWER-1. punishment arouses emotion 2. it is
difficult to be consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment 4.
punishment teaches misuse of power 5. punishment motivates concealment
habit hierarchy - CORRECT ANSWER-in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all
of the behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from most to least
probable.
,drive - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the
reduction of which feels good.
primary drives - CORRECT ANSWER-in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an
organism, such as the hunger drive.
expectancy - CORRECT ANSWER-in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to
which an individual believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
efficacy expectations - CORRECT ANSWER-in Bandura's social learning theory, one's
belief that one can perform a given goal-directed behavior.
learning - CORRECT ANSWER-in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of
experience.
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER-the theoretical view of personality that focuses on
overt behavior and the ways in which it can be affected by rewards and
punishments in the environment.
functional analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-in behaviorism, a description of how a
behavior is a function of the environment of the person or animal that performs
it.
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that everything a person knows comes from
experience.
, tabula rasa - CORRECT ANSWER-Latin for 'blank slate,' term used by 19th century
philosopher John Locke used to describe the mind of a newborn baby ready to be
written on by experience.
associationism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that all complex ideas are combinations
of two or more simple ideas.
hedonism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that people are motivated to seek pleasure
and avoid pain.
rewards and punishment on motivation - CORRECT ANSWER-the fundamental
motivations of pleasure and pain explain why rewards and punishments shape
behavior.
utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER-the idea that the best society is the one that
creates the most happiness for the largest number of people.
habituation - CORRECT ANSWER-the decrease in response to a stimulus on repeated
applications; this is the simplest kind of learning.
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER-the kind of learning in which an
unconditioned response (such as salivating), that is naturally elicited by one
stimulus (such as food), becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
(such as a bell).
