STRAIGHTERLINE BIO250 MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE WITH ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED
ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
What is a Transforming Infection? Correct answer-Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? Correct answer-Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome and is
passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? Correct answer-Host cell gets so packed with viruses that
is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? Correct answer-1.) Isolate and ID
viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? Correct answer-1.) Using live animal
inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? Correct answer-Prions, viroids, and
satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: Correct answer-CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? Correct answer-
Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: Correct answer-A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite Correct answer-An organism that lives in or within a host from which it obtains
nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: Correct answer-movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: Correct answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: Correct answer-cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water
rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: Correct answer-cells that are more concentrated than their environment; water
rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
, isotonic cell: Correct answer-extracellular environment has the same concentration of solutes as
the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport Correct answer-Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion Correct answer-passive transport: Movement of specific molecules across cell
membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport Correct answer-Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of
binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion Correct answer-Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a state
of random motion
Name three types of active transport: Correct answer-Carrier mediated, group translocation, bulk
transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... Correct answer-Active transport where atoms or molecules are
pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... Correct answer-Active transport where molecule is moved
across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
Bulk transport is.... Correct answer-active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a
vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... Correct answer-Can use oxygen and
detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? Correct answer-
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism Correct answer-both organisms benefit
Define commensalism Correct answer-one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor
helped
Define Parasitism Correct answer-one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
Define Antagonism Correct answer-Members of a community compete (some members are
inhibited or destroyed by others.
Define synergism Correct answer-an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can
grow independently
Characteristic of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria: Correct answer-Biofilms
respond to the environment by sensing and planktonic does not resplond to the environment
because they are free floating
How do bacteria divide? Correct answer-binary fission
STUDY GUIDE WITH ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED
ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
What is a Transforming Infection? Correct answer-Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? Correct answer-Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome and is
passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? Correct answer-Host cell gets so packed with viruses that
is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? Correct answer-1.) Isolate and ID
viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? Correct answer-1.) Using live animal
inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? Correct answer-Prions, viroids, and
satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: Correct answer-CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? Correct answer-
Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: Correct answer-A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite Correct answer-An organism that lives in or within a host from which it obtains
nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: Correct answer-movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: Correct answer-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: Correct answer-cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water
rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: Correct answer-cells that are more concentrated than their environment; water
rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
, isotonic cell: Correct answer-extracellular environment has the same concentration of solutes as
the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport Correct answer-Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion Correct answer-passive transport: Movement of specific molecules across cell
membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport Correct answer-Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of
binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion Correct answer-Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a state
of random motion
Name three types of active transport: Correct answer-Carrier mediated, group translocation, bulk
transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... Correct answer-Active transport where atoms or molecules are
pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... Correct answer-Active transport where molecule is moved
across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
Bulk transport is.... Correct answer-active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a
vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... Correct answer-Can use oxygen and
detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? Correct answer-
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism Correct answer-both organisms benefit
Define commensalism Correct answer-one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor
helped
Define Parasitism Correct answer-one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
Define Antagonism Correct answer-Members of a community compete (some members are
inhibited or destroyed by others.
Define synergism Correct answer-an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can
grow independently
Characteristic of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria: Correct answer-Biofilms
respond to the environment by sensing and planktonic does not resplond to the environment
because they are free floating
How do bacteria divide? Correct answer-binary fission
