HAP FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS WITH
ALL ANSWERS
The cnurse cis cpercussing cthe cseventh cright cintercostal cspace cat cthe cmidclavicular
cline cover cthe cliver. cWhich csound cshould cthe cnurse cexpect cto chear?
a. cDullness
b. cTympany
c. cResonance
d. cHyperresonance c- cCORRECT✅✅a c(The cliver cis clocated cin cthe cright cupper
cquadrant cand cwould celicit ca cdull cpercussion cnote.)
Which cstructure cis clocated cin cthe cleft clower cquadrant cof cthe cabdomen?
a.Liver
b.Duodenum
c.Gallbladder
d.Sigmoid ccolon c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(The csigmoid ccolon cis clocated cin cthe cleft
clower cquadrant cof cthe cabdomen.)
A cpatient cis chaving cdifficulty cswallowing cmedications cand cfood. cThe cnurse cwould
cdocument cthat cthis cpatient chas:
a. cAphasia.
b. cDysphasia.
c. cDysphagia.
d. cAnorexia. c- cCORRECT✅✅c c(Dysphagia cis ca ccondition cthat coccurs cwith
cdisorders cof cthe cthroat cor cesophagus cand cresults cin cdifficulty cswallowing. cAphasia
cand cdysphasia care cspeech cdisorders. cAnorexia cis ca closs cof cappetite.)
The cnurse csuspects cthat ca cpatient chas ca cdistended cbladder. cHow cshould cthe
cnurse cassess cfor cthis ccondition?
a. cPercuss cand cpalpate cin cthe clumbar cregion.
b. cInspect cand cpalpate cin cthe cepigastric cregion.
c. cAuscultate cand cpercuss cin cthe cinguinal cregion.
d. cPercuss cand cpalpate cthe cmidline carea cabove cthe csuprapubic cbone. c-
cCORRECT✅✅d c(Dull cpercussion csounds cwould cbe celicited cover ca cdistended
cbladder, cand cthe chypogastric carea cwould cseem cfirm cto cpalpation.)
,The cnurse cis caware cthat cone cchange cthat cmay coccur cin cthe cgastrointestinal
csystem cof can caging cadult cis:
a. cIncreased csalivation.
b. cIncreased cliver csize.
c. cIncreased cesophageal cemptying.
d. cDecreased cgastric cacid csecretion. c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(Gastric cacid csecretion
cdecreases cwith caging. cAs cone cages, csalivation cdecreases, cesophageal cemptying cis
cdelayed, cand cliver csize cdecreases.)
A c22-year-old cman ccomes cto cthe cclinic cfor can cexamination cafter cfalling coff chis
cmotorcycle cand clanding con chis cleft cside con cthe chandle cbars. cThe cnurse csuspects
cthat che cmay chave cinjured chis cspleen. cWhich cof cthese cstatements cis ctrue
cregarding cassessment cof cthe cspleen cin cthis csituation?
a. cThe cspleen ccan cbe cenlarged cas ca cresult cof ctrauma.
b. cThe cspleen cis cnormally cfelt con croutine cpalpation.
c. cIf can cenlarged cspleen cis cnoted, cthen cthe cnurse cshould cthoroughly cpalpate cto
cdetermine cits csize.
d. cAn cenlarged cspleen cshould cnot cbe cpalpated cbecause cit ccan ceasily crupture. c-
cCORRECT✅✅d c(If can cenlarged cspleen cis cfelt, cthen cthe cnurse cshould crefer cthe
cperson cand cshould cnot ccontinue cto cpalpate cit. cAn cenlarged cspleen cis cfriable cand
ccan ceasily crupture cwith coverpalpation.)
A cpatient's cabdomen cis cbulging cand cstretched cin cappearance. cThe cnurse cshould
cdescribe cthis cfinding cas:
a. cObese.
b. cHerniated.
c. cScaphoid.
d. cProtuberant. c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(A cprotuberant cabdomen cis crounded, cbulging,
cand cstretched c(see cFigure c21-7). cA cscaphoid cabdomen ccaves cinward.)
The cnurse cis cdescribing ca cscaphoid cabdomen. cTo cthe chorizontal cplane, ca cscaphoid
ccontour cof cthe cabdomen cdepicts ca c______ cprofile.
a. cFlat
b. cConvex
c. cBulging
d. cConcave c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(Contour cdescribes cthe cprofile cof cthe cabdomen
cfrom cthe crib cmargin cto cthe cpubic cbone; ca cscaphoid ccontour cis cone cthat cis
cconcave cfrom ca chorizontal cplane c(see cFigure c21-7).)
While cexamining ca cpatient, cthe cnurse cobserves cabdominal cpulsations cbetween cthe
cxiphoid cprocess cand cumbilicus. cThe cnurse cwould csuspect cthat cthese care:
a. cPulsations cof cthe crenal carteries.
b. cPulsations cof cthe cinferior cvena ccava.
c. cNormal cabdominal caortic cpulsations.
,d. cIncreased cperistalsis cfrom ca cbowel cobstruction. c- cCORRECT✅✅c c(Normally,
cthe cpulsations cfrom cthe caorta care cobserved cbeneath cthe cskin cin cthe cepigastric
carea, cparticularly cin cthin cpersons cwho chave cgood cmuscle cwall crelaxation.)
A cpatient chas chypoactive cbowel csounds. cThe cnurse cknows cthat ca cpotential ccause
cof chypoactive cbowel csounds cis:
a. cDiarrhea.
b. cPeritonitis.
c. cLaxative cuse.
d. cGastroenteritis. c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Diminished cor cabsent cbowel csounds csignal cdecreased cmotility cfrom cinflammation
cas cexhibited cwith cperitonitis, cwith cparalytic cileus cafter cabdominal csurgery, cor cwith
clate cbowel cobstruction.)
The cnurse cis cwatching ca cnew cgraduate cnurse cperform causcultation cof ca cpatient's
cabdomen. cWhich cstatement cby cthe cnew cgraduate cshows ca ccorrect cunderstanding
cof cthe creason causcultation cprecedes cpercussion cand cpalpation cof cthe cabdomen?
a. c"We cneed cto cdetermine cthe careas cof ctenderness cbefore cusing cpercussion cand
cpalpation."
b. c"Auscultation cprevents cdistortion cof cbowel csounds cthat cmight coccur cafter
cpercussion cand cpalpation."
c. c"Auscultation callows cthe cpatient cmore ctime cto crelax cand ctherefore cbe cmore
ccomfortable cwith cthe cphysical cexamination."
d. c"Auscultation cprevents cdistortion cof cvascular csounds, csuch cas cbruits cand chums,
cthat cmight coccur cafter cpercussion cand cpalpation." c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Auscultation cis cperformed cfirst c(after cinspection) cbecause cpercussion cand cpalpation
ccan cincrease cperistalsis, cwhich cwould cgive ca cfalse cinterpretation cof cbowel csounds.)
The cnurse cis clistening cto cbowel csounds. cWhich cof cthese cstatements cis ctrue cof
cbowel csounds? cBowel csounds:
a. cAre cusually cloud, chigh-pitched, crushing, cand ctinkling csounds.
b. cAre cusually chigh-pitched, cgurgling, cand cirregular csounds.
c. cSound clike ctwo cpieces cof cleather cbeing crubbed ctogether.
d. cOriginate cfrom cthe cmovement cof cair cand cfluid cthrough cthe clarge cintestine. c-
cCORRECT✅✅B
(Bowel csounds care chigh-pitched, cgurgling, cand ccascading csounds cthat cirregularly
coccur cfrom c5 cto c30 ctimes cper cminute. cThey coriginate cfrom cthe cmovement cof cair
cand cfluid cthrough cthe csmall cintestine.)
The cphysician ccomments cthat ca cpatient chas cabdominal cborborygmi. cThe cnurse
cknows cthat cthis cterm crefers cto:
a. cLoud ccontinual chum.
b. cPeritoneal cfriction crub.
c. cHypoactive cbowel csounds.
d. cHyperactive cbowel csounds. c- cCORRECT✅✅D
, (Borborygmi cis cthe cterm cused cfor chyperperistalsis cwhen cthe cperson cactually cfeels
chis cor cher cstomach cgrowling.)
During can cabdominal cassessment, cthe cnurse cwould cconsider cwhich cof cthese
cfindings cas cnormal?
a. cPresence cof ca cbruit cin cthe cfemoral carea
b. cTympanic cpercussion cnote cin cthe cumbilical cregion
c. cPalpable cspleen cbetween cthe cninth cand celeventh cribs cin cthe cleft cmidaxillary cline
d. cDull cpercussion cnote cin cthe cleft cupper cquadrant cat cthe cmidclavicular cline c-
cCORRECT✅✅B
(Tympany cshould cpredominate cin call cfour cquadrants cof cthe cabdomen cbecause cair
cin cthe cintestines crises cto cthe csurface cwhen cthe cperson cis csupine. cVascular cbruits
care cnot cusually cpresent. cNormally, cthe cspleen cis cnot cpalpable. cDullness cwould cnot
cbe cfound cin cthe carea cof clung cresonance c(left cupper cquadrant cat cthe cmidclavicular
cline).)
The cnurse cis cassessing cthe cabdomen cof ca cpregnant cwoman cwho cis ccomplaining
cof chaving c"acid cindigestion" call cthe ctime. cThe cnurse cknows cthat cesophageal creflux
cduring cpregnancy ccan ccause:
a. cDiarrhea.
b. cPyrosis.
c. cDysphagia.
d. cConstipation. c- cCORRECT✅✅b c(Pyrosis, cor cheartburn, cis ccaused cby
cesophageal creflux cduring cpregnancy. cThe cother coptions care cnot ccorrect.)
The cnurse cis cperforming cpercussion cduring can cabdominal cassessment. cPercussion
cnotes cheard cduring cthe cabdominal cassessment cmay cinclude:
a. cFlatness, cresonance, cand cdullness.
b. cResonance, cdullness, cand ctympany.
c. cTympany, chyperresonance, cand cdullness.
d. cResonance, chyperresonance, cand cflatness. c- cCORRECT✅✅C
(Percussion cnotes cnormally cheard cduring cthe cabdominal cassessment cmay cinclude
ctympany, cwhich cshould cpredominate cbecause cair cin cthe cintestines crises cto cthe
csurface cwhen cthe cperson cis csupine; chyperresonance, cwhich cmay cbe cpresent cwith
cgaseous cdistention; cand cdullness, cwhich cmay cbe cfound cover ca cdistended cbladder,
cadipose ctissue, cfluid, cor ca cmass.)
An colder cpatient chas cbeen cdiagnosed cwith cpernicious canemia. cThe cnurse cknows
cthat cthis ccondition ccould cbe crelated cto:
a. cIncreased cgastric cacid csecretion.
b. cDecreased cgastric cacid csecretion.
c. cDelayed cgastrointestinal cemptying ctime.
d. cIncreased cgastrointestinal cemptying ctime. c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Gastric cacid csecretion cdecreases cwith caging cand cmay ccause cpernicious canemia
c(because cit cinterferes cwith cvitamin cB12 cabsorption), ciron-deficiency canemia, cand
cmalabsorption cof ccalcium.)
ALL ANSWERS
The cnurse cis cpercussing cthe cseventh cright cintercostal cspace cat cthe cmidclavicular
cline cover cthe cliver. cWhich csound cshould cthe cnurse cexpect cto chear?
a. cDullness
b. cTympany
c. cResonance
d. cHyperresonance c- cCORRECT✅✅a c(The cliver cis clocated cin cthe cright cupper
cquadrant cand cwould celicit ca cdull cpercussion cnote.)
Which cstructure cis clocated cin cthe cleft clower cquadrant cof cthe cabdomen?
a.Liver
b.Duodenum
c.Gallbladder
d.Sigmoid ccolon c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(The csigmoid ccolon cis clocated cin cthe cleft
clower cquadrant cof cthe cabdomen.)
A cpatient cis chaving cdifficulty cswallowing cmedications cand cfood. cThe cnurse cwould
cdocument cthat cthis cpatient chas:
a. cAphasia.
b. cDysphasia.
c. cDysphagia.
d. cAnorexia. c- cCORRECT✅✅c c(Dysphagia cis ca ccondition cthat coccurs cwith
cdisorders cof cthe cthroat cor cesophagus cand cresults cin cdifficulty cswallowing. cAphasia
cand cdysphasia care cspeech cdisorders. cAnorexia cis ca closs cof cappetite.)
The cnurse csuspects cthat ca cpatient chas ca cdistended cbladder. cHow cshould cthe
cnurse cassess cfor cthis ccondition?
a. cPercuss cand cpalpate cin cthe clumbar cregion.
b. cInspect cand cpalpate cin cthe cepigastric cregion.
c. cAuscultate cand cpercuss cin cthe cinguinal cregion.
d. cPercuss cand cpalpate cthe cmidline carea cabove cthe csuprapubic cbone. c-
cCORRECT✅✅d c(Dull cpercussion csounds cwould cbe celicited cover ca cdistended
cbladder, cand cthe chypogastric carea cwould cseem cfirm cto cpalpation.)
,The cnurse cis caware cthat cone cchange cthat cmay coccur cin cthe cgastrointestinal
csystem cof can caging cadult cis:
a. cIncreased csalivation.
b. cIncreased cliver csize.
c. cIncreased cesophageal cemptying.
d. cDecreased cgastric cacid csecretion. c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(Gastric cacid csecretion
cdecreases cwith caging. cAs cone cages, csalivation cdecreases, cesophageal cemptying cis
cdelayed, cand cliver csize cdecreases.)
A c22-year-old cman ccomes cto cthe cclinic cfor can cexamination cafter cfalling coff chis
cmotorcycle cand clanding con chis cleft cside con cthe chandle cbars. cThe cnurse csuspects
cthat che cmay chave cinjured chis cspleen. cWhich cof cthese cstatements cis ctrue
cregarding cassessment cof cthe cspleen cin cthis csituation?
a. cThe cspleen ccan cbe cenlarged cas ca cresult cof ctrauma.
b. cThe cspleen cis cnormally cfelt con croutine cpalpation.
c. cIf can cenlarged cspleen cis cnoted, cthen cthe cnurse cshould cthoroughly cpalpate cto
cdetermine cits csize.
d. cAn cenlarged cspleen cshould cnot cbe cpalpated cbecause cit ccan ceasily crupture. c-
cCORRECT✅✅d c(If can cenlarged cspleen cis cfelt, cthen cthe cnurse cshould crefer cthe
cperson cand cshould cnot ccontinue cto cpalpate cit. cAn cenlarged cspleen cis cfriable cand
ccan ceasily crupture cwith coverpalpation.)
A cpatient's cabdomen cis cbulging cand cstretched cin cappearance. cThe cnurse cshould
cdescribe cthis cfinding cas:
a. cObese.
b. cHerniated.
c. cScaphoid.
d. cProtuberant. c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(A cprotuberant cabdomen cis crounded, cbulging,
cand cstretched c(see cFigure c21-7). cA cscaphoid cabdomen ccaves cinward.)
The cnurse cis cdescribing ca cscaphoid cabdomen. cTo cthe chorizontal cplane, ca cscaphoid
ccontour cof cthe cabdomen cdepicts ca c______ cprofile.
a. cFlat
b. cConvex
c. cBulging
d. cConcave c- cCORRECT✅✅d c(Contour cdescribes cthe cprofile cof cthe cabdomen
cfrom cthe crib cmargin cto cthe cpubic cbone; ca cscaphoid ccontour cis cone cthat cis
cconcave cfrom ca chorizontal cplane c(see cFigure c21-7).)
While cexamining ca cpatient, cthe cnurse cobserves cabdominal cpulsations cbetween cthe
cxiphoid cprocess cand cumbilicus. cThe cnurse cwould csuspect cthat cthese care:
a. cPulsations cof cthe crenal carteries.
b. cPulsations cof cthe cinferior cvena ccava.
c. cNormal cabdominal caortic cpulsations.
,d. cIncreased cperistalsis cfrom ca cbowel cobstruction. c- cCORRECT✅✅c c(Normally,
cthe cpulsations cfrom cthe caorta care cobserved cbeneath cthe cskin cin cthe cepigastric
carea, cparticularly cin cthin cpersons cwho chave cgood cmuscle cwall crelaxation.)
A cpatient chas chypoactive cbowel csounds. cThe cnurse cknows cthat ca cpotential ccause
cof chypoactive cbowel csounds cis:
a. cDiarrhea.
b. cPeritonitis.
c. cLaxative cuse.
d. cGastroenteritis. c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Diminished cor cabsent cbowel csounds csignal cdecreased cmotility cfrom cinflammation
cas cexhibited cwith cperitonitis, cwith cparalytic cileus cafter cabdominal csurgery, cor cwith
clate cbowel cobstruction.)
The cnurse cis cwatching ca cnew cgraduate cnurse cperform causcultation cof ca cpatient's
cabdomen. cWhich cstatement cby cthe cnew cgraduate cshows ca ccorrect cunderstanding
cof cthe creason causcultation cprecedes cpercussion cand cpalpation cof cthe cabdomen?
a. c"We cneed cto cdetermine cthe careas cof ctenderness cbefore cusing cpercussion cand
cpalpation."
b. c"Auscultation cprevents cdistortion cof cbowel csounds cthat cmight coccur cafter
cpercussion cand cpalpation."
c. c"Auscultation callows cthe cpatient cmore ctime cto crelax cand ctherefore cbe cmore
ccomfortable cwith cthe cphysical cexamination."
d. c"Auscultation cprevents cdistortion cof cvascular csounds, csuch cas cbruits cand chums,
cthat cmight coccur cafter cpercussion cand cpalpation." c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Auscultation cis cperformed cfirst c(after cinspection) cbecause cpercussion cand cpalpation
ccan cincrease cperistalsis, cwhich cwould cgive ca cfalse cinterpretation cof cbowel csounds.)
The cnurse cis clistening cto cbowel csounds. cWhich cof cthese cstatements cis ctrue cof
cbowel csounds? cBowel csounds:
a. cAre cusually cloud, chigh-pitched, crushing, cand ctinkling csounds.
b. cAre cusually chigh-pitched, cgurgling, cand cirregular csounds.
c. cSound clike ctwo cpieces cof cleather cbeing crubbed ctogether.
d. cOriginate cfrom cthe cmovement cof cair cand cfluid cthrough cthe clarge cintestine. c-
cCORRECT✅✅B
(Bowel csounds care chigh-pitched, cgurgling, cand ccascading csounds cthat cirregularly
coccur cfrom c5 cto c30 ctimes cper cminute. cThey coriginate cfrom cthe cmovement cof cair
cand cfluid cthrough cthe csmall cintestine.)
The cphysician ccomments cthat ca cpatient chas cabdominal cborborygmi. cThe cnurse
cknows cthat cthis cterm crefers cto:
a. cLoud ccontinual chum.
b. cPeritoneal cfriction crub.
c. cHypoactive cbowel csounds.
d. cHyperactive cbowel csounds. c- cCORRECT✅✅D
, (Borborygmi cis cthe cterm cused cfor chyperperistalsis cwhen cthe cperson cactually cfeels
chis cor cher cstomach cgrowling.)
During can cabdominal cassessment, cthe cnurse cwould cconsider cwhich cof cthese
cfindings cas cnormal?
a. cPresence cof ca cbruit cin cthe cfemoral carea
b. cTympanic cpercussion cnote cin cthe cumbilical cregion
c. cPalpable cspleen cbetween cthe cninth cand celeventh cribs cin cthe cleft cmidaxillary cline
d. cDull cpercussion cnote cin cthe cleft cupper cquadrant cat cthe cmidclavicular cline c-
cCORRECT✅✅B
(Tympany cshould cpredominate cin call cfour cquadrants cof cthe cabdomen cbecause cair
cin cthe cintestines crises cto cthe csurface cwhen cthe cperson cis csupine. cVascular cbruits
care cnot cusually cpresent. cNormally, cthe cspleen cis cnot cpalpable. cDullness cwould cnot
cbe cfound cin cthe carea cof clung cresonance c(left cupper cquadrant cat cthe cmidclavicular
cline).)
The cnurse cis cassessing cthe cabdomen cof ca cpregnant cwoman cwho cis ccomplaining
cof chaving c"acid cindigestion" call cthe ctime. cThe cnurse cknows cthat cesophageal creflux
cduring cpregnancy ccan ccause:
a. cDiarrhea.
b. cPyrosis.
c. cDysphagia.
d. cConstipation. c- cCORRECT✅✅b c(Pyrosis, cor cheartburn, cis ccaused cby
cesophageal creflux cduring cpregnancy. cThe cother coptions care cnot ccorrect.)
The cnurse cis cperforming cpercussion cduring can cabdominal cassessment. cPercussion
cnotes cheard cduring cthe cabdominal cassessment cmay cinclude:
a. cFlatness, cresonance, cand cdullness.
b. cResonance, cdullness, cand ctympany.
c. cTympany, chyperresonance, cand cdullness.
d. cResonance, chyperresonance, cand cflatness. c- cCORRECT✅✅C
(Percussion cnotes cnormally cheard cduring cthe cabdominal cassessment cmay cinclude
ctympany, cwhich cshould cpredominate cbecause cair cin cthe cintestines crises cto cthe
csurface cwhen cthe cperson cis csupine; chyperresonance, cwhich cmay cbe cpresent cwith
cgaseous cdistention; cand cdullness, cwhich cmay cbe cfound cover ca cdistended cbladder,
cadipose ctissue, cfluid, cor ca cmass.)
An colder cpatient chas cbeen cdiagnosed cwith cpernicious canemia. cThe cnurse cknows
cthat cthis ccondition ccould cbe crelated cto:
a. cIncreased cgastric cacid csecretion.
b. cDecreased cgastric cacid csecretion.
c. cDelayed cgastrointestinal cemptying ctime.
d. cIncreased cgastrointestinal cemptying ctime. c- cCORRECT✅✅B
(Gastric cacid csecretion cdecreases cwith caging cand cmay ccause cpernicious canemia
c(because cit cinterferes cwith cvitamin cB12 cabsorption), ciron-deficiency canemia, cand
cmalabsorption cof ccalcium.)
