FNDH 620 Exam 3 Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+ |100% Correct
Phosphorous Absorption 1. Absorbed in the inorganic form
2. Must be liberated from organic molecules by digestive enzymes
3. Occurs in small intestine
4. Increase Absorption: vitamin d; diffusion mechanisms increase at high doses
5. Decreases absorption: increased magnesium and calcium intake; absorption decrease due to
antacids
Phosphorous Deficiency Rare
Magnesium Function 3. Stabilizes atp, which assist with ATP-dependent reactions
4. Cofactor for over 300 enzymes
5. metabolism
6. cholesterol synthesis
7. DNA replication and RNA transcription
8. Mg is necessary for PTH secretion
9. Mg is needed for the hydroxylation of vitamin D
Magnesium Source 1. Whole grains, cereals, nuts, legumes, spices, seafood, coffee, tea,
cocoa
Magnesium Absorption 1. Entire small intestine and colon; increased need - increased
absorption
2. Absorption increased by vitamin d
3. Absorption decreased by excess calcium, phosphorus, phytates, excessive fatty acids
Magnesium Deficiency Rare
,2. Causes: excessive vomiting, diarrhea, alcohol abuse, renal and endocrine disease, protein
malnutrition, excess diuretic use
3. Symptoms: impaired CNS function, muscle tetany
Sodium Function 1. Primary cation in ECF
2. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
3. 30-35% of sodium is in the bone; 65-70% is in ECF
Sodium Source 1. Food processing, salt added to food, egg, milk, meat, vegetables
Sodium Absorption Electrolyte absorption rates are 90-95%
Chloride Function 1. Helps maintain acidity and electrical neutrality in the GI tract
2. Anion in ECF
3. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
4. 88% is in ECF; 12% in ICF
Chloride source fruits, vegetables, salt
Chloride absorption along the length of the small intestine
Potassium function 1. Primary cation in ICF
2. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
3. 97-99% within the ICF
Potassium Source Fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, whole grains, coffee, tea
, Potassium absorption Unclear
Sulfur Function not a nutrient, but a vital component of essential nutrients
Iron Function Found in RBC as part of hemoglobin
Iron Source Heme (animal) and non-heme (plants and animals)
Iron absorption 1. Heme is absorbed intact into the enterocyte by binding to heme carrier
protein 1
2. Non-heme iron transported via DMT1 - transports FE2+ only
5. Absorption increased by Vitamin C, gastric acidity, meat, fish, poultry
6. Absorption decreased by phytate, oxalates, tannins, decreased need, calcium, zinc
Iron Storage Ferritin
Iron Transport Transferrin
Iron deficiency 1. Decreased blood hemoglobin below 7g/100 mL of blood
2. Symptoms: fatigue, lethargy, decreased ability to make ATP by aerobic mechanisms,
decreased iron-containing enzyme activity
Hemoglobin Levels 12-14 mg/100 mL
Zinc Function cofactor for over 200 enzymes
•pH regulation
•alcohol metabolism
Phosphorous Absorption 1. Absorbed in the inorganic form
2. Must be liberated from organic molecules by digestive enzymes
3. Occurs in small intestine
4. Increase Absorption: vitamin d; diffusion mechanisms increase at high doses
5. Decreases absorption: increased magnesium and calcium intake; absorption decrease due to
antacids
Phosphorous Deficiency Rare
Magnesium Function 3. Stabilizes atp, which assist with ATP-dependent reactions
4. Cofactor for over 300 enzymes
5. metabolism
6. cholesterol synthesis
7. DNA replication and RNA transcription
8. Mg is necessary for PTH secretion
9. Mg is needed for the hydroxylation of vitamin D
Magnesium Source 1. Whole grains, cereals, nuts, legumes, spices, seafood, coffee, tea,
cocoa
Magnesium Absorption 1. Entire small intestine and colon; increased need - increased
absorption
2. Absorption increased by vitamin d
3. Absorption decreased by excess calcium, phosphorus, phytates, excessive fatty acids
Magnesium Deficiency Rare
,2. Causes: excessive vomiting, diarrhea, alcohol abuse, renal and endocrine disease, protein
malnutrition, excess diuretic use
3. Symptoms: impaired CNS function, muscle tetany
Sodium Function 1. Primary cation in ECF
2. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
3. 30-35% of sodium is in the bone; 65-70% is in ECF
Sodium Source 1. Food processing, salt added to food, egg, milk, meat, vegetables
Sodium Absorption Electrolyte absorption rates are 90-95%
Chloride Function 1. Helps maintain acidity and electrical neutrality in the GI tract
2. Anion in ECF
3. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
4. 88% is in ECF; 12% in ICF
Chloride source fruits, vegetables, salt
Chloride absorption along the length of the small intestine
Potassium function 1. Primary cation in ICF
2. Water balance across cellular membranes and electrical potential across plasma membranes
3. 97-99% within the ICF
Potassium Source Fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, whole grains, coffee, tea
, Potassium absorption Unclear
Sulfur Function not a nutrient, but a vital component of essential nutrients
Iron Function Found in RBC as part of hemoglobin
Iron Source Heme (animal) and non-heme (plants and animals)
Iron absorption 1. Heme is absorbed intact into the enterocyte by binding to heme carrier
protein 1
2. Non-heme iron transported via DMT1 - transports FE2+ only
5. Absorption increased by Vitamin C, gastric acidity, meat, fish, poultry
6. Absorption decreased by phytate, oxalates, tannins, decreased need, calcium, zinc
Iron Storage Ferritin
Iron Transport Transferrin
Iron deficiency 1. Decreased blood hemoglobin below 7g/100 mL of blood
2. Symptoms: fatigue, lethargy, decreased ability to make ATP by aerobic mechanisms,
decreased iron-containing enzyme activity
Hemoglobin Levels 12-14 mg/100 mL
Zinc Function cofactor for over 200 enzymes
•pH regulation
•alcohol metabolism
