NSG 1700 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS
RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF
NURSING
1. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular
physiology?
A. Promote passive transport
B. Maintain cellular electrochemical gradient
C. Produce ATP
D. Synthesize proteins
The sodium-potassium pump actively moves sodium out and potassium
into the cell to maintain membrane potential, which is critical for nerve
impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
2. Which condition results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)?
,A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Addison’s disease
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to
excessive water loss and dilute urine.
3. What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?
A. Cyanosis
B. Jaundice
C. Redness and swelling
D. Atrophy
Acute inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary
permeability, resulting in redness and swelling.
4. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing
waste in the body?
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Pancreas
D. Lungs
The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and excess
substances via urine.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with kidney
failure?
,A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypokalemia
In kidney failure, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium effectively, leading
to hyperkalemia.
6. A genetic disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus
affecting the lungs and pancreas is:
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Emphysema
Cystic fibrosis results from a mutation in the CFTR gene, leading to thick
secretions in the lungs and digestive tract.
7. Which condition involves chronic inflammation of the airways and
reversible airway obstruction?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Pneumonia
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, airway
inflammation, and mucus production.
, 8. In a myocardial infarction, what causes cellular death?
A. Infection
B. Ischemia due to blocked coronary artery
C. Arrhythmia
D. Valve prolapse
A blocked coronary artery prevents oxygenated blood from reaching the
myocardium, causing cell death.
9. What is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Drain excess interstitial fluid
C. Generate insulin
D. Produce red blood cells
The lymphatic system removes excess fluid from tissues and plays a role in
immune defense.
10. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the
liver.
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS
RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF
NURSING
1. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular
physiology?
A. Promote passive transport
B. Maintain cellular electrochemical gradient
C. Produce ATP
D. Synthesize proteins
The sodium-potassium pump actively moves sodium out and potassium
into the cell to maintain membrane potential, which is critical for nerve
impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
2. Which condition results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)?
,A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Addison’s disease
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to
excessive water loss and dilute urine.
3. What is the hallmark of acute inflammation?
A. Cyanosis
B. Jaundice
C. Redness and swelling
D. Atrophy
Acute inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary
permeability, resulting in redness and swelling.
4. Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing
waste in the body?
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Pancreas
D. Lungs
The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and excess
substances via urine.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with kidney
failure?
,A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypokalemia
In kidney failure, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium effectively, leading
to hyperkalemia.
6. A genetic disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus
affecting the lungs and pancreas is:
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Emphysema
Cystic fibrosis results from a mutation in the CFTR gene, leading to thick
secretions in the lungs and digestive tract.
7. Which condition involves chronic inflammation of the airways and
reversible airway obstruction?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Pneumonia
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, airway
inflammation, and mucus production.
, 8. In a myocardial infarction, what causes cellular death?
A. Infection
B. Ischemia due to blocked coronary artery
C. Arrhythmia
D. Valve prolapse
A blocked coronary artery prevents oxygenated blood from reaching the
myocardium, causing cell death.
9. What is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Drain excess interstitial fluid
C. Generate insulin
D. Produce red blood cells
The lymphatic system removes excess fluid from tissues and plays a role in
immune defense.
10. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the
liver.
