Biology EOC Review Questions with
Accurate Answers
activation energy - ANSWERSenergy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by
enzymes
active transport - ANSWERSmovement of molecules across a membrane requiring
energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation - ANSWERSinherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of
survival
allele - ANSWERSthe different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid - ANSWERSbasic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - ANSWERSstructures that do not have a common evolutionary
origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase - ANSWERSthe third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs
separate and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - ANSWERScompound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody - ANSWERSa substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a
pathogen that has entered the body
antigen - ANSWERSsubstance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an
antibody
archaea - ANSWERSdomain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
ATP - ANSWERSa nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - ANSWERSorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
, bacteria - ANSWERSdomain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - ANSWERSvirus that infects bacteria
base deletion - ANSWERSmutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a
gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - ANSWERSmutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a
gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - ANSWERSa type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation - ANSWERSan inherited behavior that helps an organism survive;
like escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - ANSWERSasexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides
into two identical cells
fetus - ANSWERSan unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - ANSWERSa rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - ANSWERSthe ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
food chain - ANSWERSa series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating
and being eaten
food web - ANSWERSa diagram that shows the feeding relationships between
organisms in an ecosystem
fossil - ANSWERSthe remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a
past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - ANSWERSegg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
(haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene - ANSWERSsequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
binomial nomenclature - ANSWERSClassification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species
biodiversity - ANSWERSthe variety of different species in a given area
Accurate Answers
activation energy - ANSWERSenergy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by
enzymes
active transport - ANSWERSmovement of molecules across a membrane requiring
energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation - ANSWERSinherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of
survival
allele - ANSWERSthe different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid - ANSWERSbasic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - ANSWERSstructures that do not have a common evolutionary
origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase - ANSWERSthe third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs
separate and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - ANSWERScompound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody - ANSWERSa substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a
pathogen that has entered the body
antigen - ANSWERSsubstance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an
antibody
archaea - ANSWERSdomain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
ATP - ANSWERSa nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - ANSWERSorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and
use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
, bacteria - ANSWERSdomain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - ANSWERSvirus that infects bacteria
base deletion - ANSWERSmutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a
gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - ANSWERSmutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a
gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - ANSWERSa type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation - ANSWERSan inherited behavior that helps an organism survive;
like escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - ANSWERSasexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides
into two identical cells
fetus - ANSWERSan unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - ANSWERSa rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - ANSWERSthe ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
food chain - ANSWERSa series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating
and being eaten
food web - ANSWERSa diagram that shows the feeding relationships between
organisms in an ecosystem
fossil - ANSWERSthe remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a
past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - ANSWERSegg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
(haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene - ANSWERSsequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
binomial nomenclature - ANSWERSClassification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species
biodiversity - ANSWERSthe variety of different species in a given area
