Ray O
Laws of Reflection
Spherical Mirrors
1. The incident ray reflected ray and
normal to the reflecting surface all TI
lie in same plane.
The bouncing back of
2. Angle of reflection is always equal to Mirror formula
same denser medium
∠i=∠r
angle of incidence, i.e.,
1 1 1 from an interface w
= + is termed as boral in
f u v Tota
ref
i r In proper sign convention.
v
Object Focal
Point
i
Principal Pole
axis Image
Mirror
Sign Convention f
u
Critical
1. All distances are measured from Linear magnification
the pole and is the origin. It is the angle of incid
2. Distances measured to the right of angle of incidence is
the pole are taken as positive.
3. Distance above the principal axis are Critical angle
taken as positive. A
Laws of Reflection
Spherical Mirrors
1. The incident ray reflected ray and
normal to the reflecting surface all TI
lie in same plane.
The bouncing back of
2. Angle of reflection is always equal to Mirror formula
same denser medium
∠i=∠r
angle of incidence, i.e.,
1 1 1 from an interface w
= + is termed as boral in
f u v Tota
ref
i r In proper sign convention.
v
Object Focal
Point
i
Principal Pole
axis Image
Mirror
Sign Convention f
u
Critical
1. All distances are measured from Linear magnification
the pole and is the origin. It is the angle of incid
2. Distances measured to the right of angle of incidence is
the pole are taken as positive.
3. Distance above the principal axis are Critical angle
taken as positive. A
