,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Properties and Overview of Immune Responses 1
Chapter 02 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation and Migration Into Tissues 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies and Antigens 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes and the Functions of Major
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors and Signal Transduction 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement 30
Chapter 09 Activation of T Lymphocytes 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation and Antibody Production 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity 62
Chapter 16 Immunity to Microbes 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders 81
Chapter 20 Allergy 86
Chapter 21 Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies 89
,Chapter 01: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The principal function of the immune system is:
a. Defense against cancer
b. Repair of injured tissues
c. Defense against microbial infections
d. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
e. Protection against environmental toxins
ANS: C
The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by microbial
infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that
“immunosurveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is
controversial. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune
responses and inflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are
needed to prevent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a
primary function. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally
does not offer protection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first successful
vaccination?
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was
against smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In 1980,
smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective
vaccines against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th
century and are widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
b. Self-nonself discrimination
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
d. Protection against viral infections
e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to the
same microbe
ANS: A
, Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune system.
Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and soluble receptors
to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-nonself discrimination, and protect
against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same microbe, the adaptive immune response
becomes more rapid and of greater magnitude; this is the manifestation of memory.
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of
immunity?
a. Innate and adaptive
b. Passive and active
c. Specific and nonspecific
d. Humoral and cell-mediated
e. Adult and neonatal
ANS: D
Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B lymphocytes
produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humoral immune
responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradication of
intracellular pathogens in cell-mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be
mediated by either B or T lymphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive
immunity. Both B and T lymphocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still
developing in the neonatal period.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic Lymphocytes
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
ANS: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions. Most
effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of other
immune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes,
which directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes.
Antigen-presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
a. Natural killer cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Cytolytic T lymphocytes
d. B lymphocytes
e. Helper T lymphocytes
ANS: D
Humoral immune responses are antibody-mediated immune responses, and all antibodies
are made by B lymphocytes and no other cell type.
Chapter 01 Properties and Overview of Immune Responses 1
Chapter 02 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation and Migration Into Tissues 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies and Antigens 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes and the Functions of Major
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors and Signal Transduction 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement 30
Chapter 09 Activation of T Lymphocytes 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation and Antibody Production 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity 62
Chapter 16 Immunity to Microbes 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders 81
Chapter 20 Allergy 86
Chapter 21 Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies 89
,Chapter 01: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The principal function of the immune system is:
a. Defense against cancer
b. Repair of injured tissues
c. Defense against microbial infections
d. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
e. Protection against environmental toxins
ANS: C
The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by microbial
infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that
“immunosurveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is
controversial. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune
responses and inflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are
needed to prevent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a
primary function. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally
does not offer protection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first successful
vaccination?
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was
against smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In 1980,
smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective
vaccines against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th
century and are widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
b. Self-nonself discrimination
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
d. Protection against viral infections
e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to the
same microbe
ANS: A
, Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B
lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune system.
Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and soluble receptors
to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-nonself discrimination, and protect
against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same microbe, the adaptive immune response
becomes more rapid and of greater magnitude; this is the manifestation of memory.
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of
immunity?
a. Innate and adaptive
b. Passive and active
c. Specific and nonspecific
d. Humoral and cell-mediated
e. Adult and neonatal
ANS: D
Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B lymphocytes
produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humoral immune
responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradication of
intracellular pathogens in cell-mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be
mediated by either B or T lymphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive
immunity. Both B and T lymphocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still
developing in the neonatal period.
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic Lymphocytes
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
ANS: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions. Most
effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of other
immune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes,
which directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocytes.
Antigen-presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
a. Natural killer cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. Cytolytic T lymphocytes
d. B lymphocytes
e. Helper T lymphocytes
ANS: D
Humoral immune responses are antibody-mediated immune responses, and all antibodies
are made by B lymphocytes and no other cell type.
