SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW STUDY GUIDE
Exam 2025–2026 Accurate Real Exam Questions
and Verified Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
What is the biggest risk factor for prostate cancer? - answer>>>Age
While doing DRE, what would you expect the prostate to present in a patient with
prostate cancer? - answer>>>Firm, fixed, painless
What are assessment finding regarding testicular cancer? - answer>>>Young or middle
aged male
Firm, fixed, painless mass on one testicle
What is epididymitis? - answer>>>inflammation of the epididymis- the duct behind the
testes that the sperm passes through
What are signs and symptoms of epididymitis? - answer>>>Unilateral testicular pain and
swelling, urethritis, painful ejaculation
What is the Prehn's sign? - answer>>>When the examiner lifts the scrotum, and when this
is performed, there is relief of pain
What is treatment for epididymitis in patients < 35 years old? - answer>>>Most
commonly caused by gonorrhea/chlamydia
Treat: Rocephin, Doxycycline
***Treat sexual partners too!
What is treatment for epididymitis in patients > 35 years old? - answer>>>Most
commonly caused by bladder outflow obstruction related to BPH
Treat: Fluoroquinolone
What is hydrocele? - answer>>>Fluid in the scrotum
What are signs and symptoms of Hydrocele? - answer>>>Most common in infants
Swelling, heaviness in scrotum, may fluctuate throughout the day or in different positions
,How do we diagnose and treat hydrocele? - answer>>>Transillumination, light will shine
throughout the scotrum which reveals that fluid is present and not a solid mass
Treat: Typically will resolve on its own, conservative management required for most
patients
What is a variocele? - answer>>>Enlargement of the veins in the scrotum
What are signs and symptoms of variocele? - answer>>>First noticed in puberty
Asymptomatic, on palpating will feel "bag of worms"
What is management of variocele? - answer>>>Conservative treatment measures or refer
out
What can variocele lead to? - answer>>>Decreased sperm count which may lead to issues
with fertility
What is Balanitis? - answer>>>Inflammation of the glans penis (the head of the penis)
What are risk factors for balanitis? - answer>>>Uncircumcised, poor hygiene, underlying
skin conditions, and uncontrolled diabetes
What are signs and symptoms of balanitis? - answer>>>Erythema, pruritis, pain when
retracting the foreskin, itching, and possible discharge
What is the most common cause of balanitis and treatment? - answer>>>Candida
Treat: topical antifungal, hygiene, and assess diabetes management
What is priapism? - answer>>>Painful, prolonged erection > 4 hours not related to sexual
arousal
What patients are at increased risk for priapism? - answer>>>Sickle Cell Anemia patients-
due to the potential of sickling of RBCs within the penis. Due to the sickling the blood is
unable to flow out of the penis because essentially those vessels are clogged
What is plan of care for a patient with priapism? - answer>>>Emergent referral!!!!!
Prevent tissue damage and possible erectile dysfunction
,What are the 3 category of causes of erectile dysfunction? - answer>>>Psychogenic,
organic, and mixed
What are examples of psychogenic causes related to ED? - answer>>>Stress, anxiety,
depression
What are examples of organic causes related to ED? - answer>>>Medications- SSRI's,
neuropathy, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, etc,
Wide variety of issues
If a patient can have a nocturnal erection, what cause of ED is most likely? -
answer>>>Psychogenic
What is the treatment of ED? - answer>>>Lifestyle modifications: smoking cessation,
stress reduction, and exercise
PDE-5 Inhibitors- PDE: Penis Doesn't Erect *****SAFETY: Assess cardiac- do EKG, confirm
that pt is not taking Nitrate!!!!! Will bottom out patient's BP*****
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
What is amenorrhea? - answer>>>Lack of menstruation
What are primary and secondary amenorrhea? - answer>>>Primary: No menarche by age
15- refer out
Secondary: 3-6 months of amenorrhea. Pregnancy=most common cause, menopause,
contraception, hormone deficiencies, thyroid disorders, eating disorders, stress, obesity,
etc. Management is treating the underlying cause
What is dysmenorrhea? - answer>>>Painful mestruation
What is the difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea? -
answer>>>Primary: Painful cramps NOT related to an underlying issue. The patient has
normal pelvic organs and normal physical exam.
Secondary: Related to an underlying issue ex. Endometriosis
What is the treatment for dysmenorrhea? - answer>>>Analgesics, contraceptives, if not
controlled then refer to GYN
, What is menopause? - answer>>>Amenorrhea is present for 12 months later in life due to
the fact that the ovaries are no longer producing estrogen and progesterone.
What are signs and symptoms of menopause? - answer>>>Occurs between 45-55
Hot flashes, mood changes, sleep changes, dry skin, thinning hair, vaginal dryness, weight
gain. Strophic vaginitis, lichen sclerosis
What is atrophic vaginitis? - answer>>>Thin and dry vaginal walls- can't lead to painful
intercourse, frequent infections, and vaginal bleeding.
What is the treatment for atrophic vaginitis? - answer>>>Vaginal lubrication or hormone
creams
What are potential complications related to menopause? - answer>>>Increased CV risk
and osteoporosis
What is treatment for menopause? - answer>>>Symptomatic treatment
Herbal supplements: Ginkgo, black cohosh
Hormone Replacement Therapy
What are signs and symptoms of PCOS? - answer>>>Infertility concerns, acne, hirsutism,
acanthosis nigricans, irregular menses, weight gain
What is Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS? - answer>>>2 out of the 3 need to be
present
An ovulation, increased androgen levels, and multiple cysts
What are complications related to PCOS? - answer>>>Diabetes, HLD, HTN, increased
cancer risk
What is the treatment for PCOS? - answer>>>Lifestyle modifications and weight loss
Spironlactone
Contraception
Metformin
What are the current routine guidelines for Pap Smears? - answer>>>Begin at age 21
Age 21: Every 3 years, no routine HPV testing
Age 35: Every 5 years WITH routine HPV contesting
Exam 2025–2026 Accurate Real Exam Questions
and Verified Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
What is the biggest risk factor for prostate cancer? - answer>>>Age
While doing DRE, what would you expect the prostate to present in a patient with
prostate cancer? - answer>>>Firm, fixed, painless
What are assessment finding regarding testicular cancer? - answer>>>Young or middle
aged male
Firm, fixed, painless mass on one testicle
What is epididymitis? - answer>>>inflammation of the epididymis- the duct behind the
testes that the sperm passes through
What are signs and symptoms of epididymitis? - answer>>>Unilateral testicular pain and
swelling, urethritis, painful ejaculation
What is the Prehn's sign? - answer>>>When the examiner lifts the scrotum, and when this
is performed, there is relief of pain
What is treatment for epididymitis in patients < 35 years old? - answer>>>Most
commonly caused by gonorrhea/chlamydia
Treat: Rocephin, Doxycycline
***Treat sexual partners too!
What is treatment for epididymitis in patients > 35 years old? - answer>>>Most
commonly caused by bladder outflow obstruction related to BPH
Treat: Fluoroquinolone
What is hydrocele? - answer>>>Fluid in the scrotum
What are signs and symptoms of Hydrocele? - answer>>>Most common in infants
Swelling, heaviness in scrotum, may fluctuate throughout the day or in different positions
,How do we diagnose and treat hydrocele? - answer>>>Transillumination, light will shine
throughout the scotrum which reveals that fluid is present and not a solid mass
Treat: Typically will resolve on its own, conservative management required for most
patients
What is a variocele? - answer>>>Enlargement of the veins in the scrotum
What are signs and symptoms of variocele? - answer>>>First noticed in puberty
Asymptomatic, on palpating will feel "bag of worms"
What is management of variocele? - answer>>>Conservative treatment measures or refer
out
What can variocele lead to? - answer>>>Decreased sperm count which may lead to issues
with fertility
What is Balanitis? - answer>>>Inflammation of the glans penis (the head of the penis)
What are risk factors for balanitis? - answer>>>Uncircumcised, poor hygiene, underlying
skin conditions, and uncontrolled diabetes
What are signs and symptoms of balanitis? - answer>>>Erythema, pruritis, pain when
retracting the foreskin, itching, and possible discharge
What is the most common cause of balanitis and treatment? - answer>>>Candida
Treat: topical antifungal, hygiene, and assess diabetes management
What is priapism? - answer>>>Painful, prolonged erection > 4 hours not related to sexual
arousal
What patients are at increased risk for priapism? - answer>>>Sickle Cell Anemia patients-
due to the potential of sickling of RBCs within the penis. Due to the sickling the blood is
unable to flow out of the penis because essentially those vessels are clogged
What is plan of care for a patient with priapism? - answer>>>Emergent referral!!!!!
Prevent tissue damage and possible erectile dysfunction
,What are the 3 category of causes of erectile dysfunction? - answer>>>Psychogenic,
organic, and mixed
What are examples of psychogenic causes related to ED? - answer>>>Stress, anxiety,
depression
What are examples of organic causes related to ED? - answer>>>Medications- SSRI's,
neuropathy, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, etc,
Wide variety of issues
If a patient can have a nocturnal erection, what cause of ED is most likely? -
answer>>>Psychogenic
What is the treatment of ED? - answer>>>Lifestyle modifications: smoking cessation,
stress reduction, and exercise
PDE-5 Inhibitors- PDE: Penis Doesn't Erect *****SAFETY: Assess cardiac- do EKG, confirm
that pt is not taking Nitrate!!!!! Will bottom out patient's BP*****
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
What is amenorrhea? - answer>>>Lack of menstruation
What are primary and secondary amenorrhea? - answer>>>Primary: No menarche by age
15- refer out
Secondary: 3-6 months of amenorrhea. Pregnancy=most common cause, menopause,
contraception, hormone deficiencies, thyroid disorders, eating disorders, stress, obesity,
etc. Management is treating the underlying cause
What is dysmenorrhea? - answer>>>Painful mestruation
What is the difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea? -
answer>>>Primary: Painful cramps NOT related to an underlying issue. The patient has
normal pelvic organs and normal physical exam.
Secondary: Related to an underlying issue ex. Endometriosis
What is the treatment for dysmenorrhea? - answer>>>Analgesics, contraceptives, if not
controlled then refer to GYN
, What is menopause? - answer>>>Amenorrhea is present for 12 months later in life due to
the fact that the ovaries are no longer producing estrogen and progesterone.
What are signs and symptoms of menopause? - answer>>>Occurs between 45-55
Hot flashes, mood changes, sleep changes, dry skin, thinning hair, vaginal dryness, weight
gain. Strophic vaginitis, lichen sclerosis
What is atrophic vaginitis? - answer>>>Thin and dry vaginal walls- can't lead to painful
intercourse, frequent infections, and vaginal bleeding.
What is the treatment for atrophic vaginitis? - answer>>>Vaginal lubrication or hormone
creams
What are potential complications related to menopause? - answer>>>Increased CV risk
and osteoporosis
What is treatment for menopause? - answer>>>Symptomatic treatment
Herbal supplements: Ginkgo, black cohosh
Hormone Replacement Therapy
What are signs and symptoms of PCOS? - answer>>>Infertility concerns, acne, hirsutism,
acanthosis nigricans, irregular menses, weight gain
What is Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS? - answer>>>2 out of the 3 need to be
present
An ovulation, increased androgen levels, and multiple cysts
What are complications related to PCOS? - answer>>>Diabetes, HLD, HTN, increased
cancer risk
What is the treatment for PCOS? - answer>>>Lifestyle modifications and weight loss
Spironlactone
Contraception
Metformin
What are the current routine guidelines for Pap Smears? - answer>>>Begin at age 21
Age 21: Every 3 years, no routine HPV testing
Age 35: Every 5 years WITH routine HPV contesting
