UTMB ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ 50 Questions and Answers
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
1. What does the Biogenic Amine Theory link to depression?
A) Decreased cortisol production
B) Deficiency in norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
C) Increased acetylcholine
D) Elevated GABA levels
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Depression is associated with a deficiency of monoamine
neurotransmitters—norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin—particularly involving reduced
receptor binding with serotonin.
2. What does the Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis state about depression?
A) An excess of serotonin
B) Neurons firing excessively
C) A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses
D) Increased neuroplasticity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: This theory attributes depression to insufficient monoamine
neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses, impairing normal mood regulation.
3. Antidepressants increase which of the following?
A) Cortisol levels
B) Synaptic levels of monoamines
C) Neural degeneration
D) Calcium channel sensitivity
, Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Antidepressants function by increasing the synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
4. What happens if there are more receptors than neurotransmitters?
A) Improved mood
B) Hyperstimulation of the CNS
C) Neurotransmitters don’t recharge effectively
D) Increased acetylcholine activity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Excess receptors relative to neurotransmitters can result in ineffective
signaling as neurotransmitters cannot adequately stimulate all receptors.
5. HPA system dysregulation is found in which condition?
A) ADHD
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Major depression
D) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and elevated
glucocorticoids are often observed in people with major depressive disorder.
6. What is a hallmark in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease?
A) Excess dopamine
B) Amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
C) Increased serotonin levels
D) Basal ganglia hypertrophy
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Alzheimer's is characterized by amyloid beta plaque formation and
neurofibrillary tangles, leading to decreased acetylcholine levels and impaired neuronal
transmission.
7. What are neurofibrillary tangles?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355
Actual Questions and Answers
Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
✪ 50 Questions and Answers
✪ Multiple-choice and True/False Format
✪ Expert-Verified Explanations
✪ Verified with Trusted Textbooks
1. What does the Biogenic Amine Theory link to depression?
A) Decreased cortisol production
B) Deficiency in norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
C) Increased acetylcholine
D) Elevated GABA levels
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Depression is associated with a deficiency of monoamine
neurotransmitters—norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin—particularly involving reduced
receptor binding with serotonin.
2. What does the Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis state about depression?
A) An excess of serotonin
B) Neurons firing excessively
C) A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses
D) Increased neuroplasticity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: This theory attributes depression to insufficient monoamine
neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses, impairing normal mood regulation.
3. Antidepressants increase which of the following?
A) Cortisol levels
B) Synaptic levels of monoamines
C) Neural degeneration
D) Calcium channel sensitivity
, Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Antidepressants function by increasing the synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
4. What happens if there are more receptors than neurotransmitters?
A) Improved mood
B) Hyperstimulation of the CNS
C) Neurotransmitters don’t recharge effectively
D) Increased acetylcholine activity
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Excess receptors relative to neurotransmitters can result in ineffective
signaling as neurotransmitters cannot adequately stimulate all receptors.
5. HPA system dysregulation is found in which condition?
A) ADHD
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Major depression
D) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: C
EXPLANATION: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and elevated
glucocorticoids are often observed in people with major depressive disorder.
6. What is a hallmark in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease?
A) Excess dopamine
B) Amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
C) Increased serotonin levels
D) Basal ganglia hypertrophy
Answer: B
EXPLANATION: Alzheimer's is characterized by amyloid beta plaque formation and
neurofibrillary tangles, leading to decreased acetylcholine levels and impaired neuronal
transmission.
7. What are neurofibrillary tangles?
