NUR 2225 EXAM REVISION
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What is psychosis? - ANSWER-a psychological disorder in which a person loses
contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
Positive symptoms - ANSWER-exaggeration of normal functions
e.g. hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thoughts
Negative symptoms - ANSWER-symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by
deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and
movement
Alogia - ANSWER-poverty of speech
Avolition - ANSWER-lack of motivation
Anhedonia - ANSWER-inability to feel pleasure
Affective blunting - ANSWER-a reduction in the expression, range, and intensity of
affect
Schizophrenia - ANSWER-a chronic and severe mental illness that affects an
individual's ability to think, feel, socialise and behave
Ambivalence (difficulties associated with cognition) - ANSWER-having mixing or
conflicting thoughts towards a person or situation; frequently observed in clients with
major depression
Concrete thinking - ANSWER-focusing on the facts and the physical presence rather
than abstract ideas; often observed in clients with BPD
Paranoia - ANSWER-a psychotic disorder characterised by delusions
Disorganised behaviour (schizophrenia) - ANSWER-disruption to goal directed
behaviours which impairs the client's ability to manage their own independent self-
care, behaviours
Catatonia - ANSWER-a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment,
usually including muscle rigidity, staring, inability to communicate, purposeless
movement
Magical thinking - ANSWER-resembles young children's thinking whereby thoughts,
words or action assumes power
- e.g. they have superpowers
,Delusion - ANSWER-a fixed false belief that is firmly held by a person
Eromanic delusion - ANSWER-a delusion that another person, usually of higher
status, is in love with the individual
Granidose delusions - ANSWER-the person has special abilities, power or authortiy
Persecutory delusions/ paranoia - ANSWER-a delusion that the individuals believe
someone or something intends to hurt them
Somatic delusion - ANSWER-false beliefs that one's appearance or part of one's
body is diseased or altered
e.g. believing that one's brain is rotting or melting
Purpose of risk assessment - ANSWER-to identify the likelihood of risk occurring,
severity of the risk and ensure safety in MH nursing
Types of risks - ANSWER-- violence
- aggression
- self-harm
- suicide
- self-neglect
- relapse
Examples of risk to self - ANSWER-- DSH, non-suicidal self-injury
- suicide
- self-neglect
- reputation
- medication non-adherence
- physical health issues
Examples of risk to others - ANSWER-- interpersonal violence
- sexual assaults/ abuse
- harassment
- property damage
- stalking
Examples of risk from others - ANSWER-- assaults
- sexual exploitation
- financial exploitation
- verbal abuse
Indicators of risks in MH - ANSWER-- sleep disturbance
- anxiety
- feeling of being picked on and targeted
- withdrawal
- drug use
- restless behaviours
Risk management of suicide - ANSWER-- take any threat seriously
, - talk about suicide openly
- implement suicide precautions (e.g. reduce access to sharps)
- remove the person from immediate danger
- locate the person nears the nursing station
- do not make unrealistic promises
- adopting non-judgemental, caring attitude
- identify what the person needs are
Waxy flexibility - ANSWER-a psychomotor symptom of catatonia as associated with
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other mental disorders which leads to significant
reduction in motor activity in response to external stimuli
Difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-- typical
antipsychotics have a significant side effects that often results in medication non-
adherence
- atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects
Examples of serious side effects associated with antipsychotics (7) - ANSWER-1.
Parkinsonism
2. Dystonias
3. Akathisia
4. Tardive dyskinesia
5. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
6. Metabolic dysregulation
7. Hyperprolactinemia
Examples of typical antipsychotic medications - ANSWER-1. Chlorpromazine
2. Haloperidol
3. Pericyazine
Examples of atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-1. Clozapine (Clozaril)
2. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
3. Quetiapine (Seroquel)
4. Risperidone (Risperdal)
(..."apine" or..."idone")
Primary goal for acute treatment in MH (how to achieve?) - ANSWER-goal: maintain
a safe environment for clients and all people within the acute care unit
- reduce the likelihood of harm from self, staff or family; reduce stress and disability
associated with acute symptoms
Treatment goals for acute psychosis (4) - ANSWER-First line: pharmacology
- stabilisation
- maintenance
- support and social reintegration
What is major depressive disorder? - ANSWER-Two or more major depressive
episodes including
- depressed mood for most of the day
- significant weight loss or gain
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What is psychosis? - ANSWER-a psychological disorder in which a person loses
contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
Positive symptoms - ANSWER-exaggeration of normal functions
e.g. hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thoughts
Negative symptoms - ANSWER-symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by
deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and
movement
Alogia - ANSWER-poverty of speech
Avolition - ANSWER-lack of motivation
Anhedonia - ANSWER-inability to feel pleasure
Affective blunting - ANSWER-a reduction in the expression, range, and intensity of
affect
Schizophrenia - ANSWER-a chronic and severe mental illness that affects an
individual's ability to think, feel, socialise and behave
Ambivalence (difficulties associated with cognition) - ANSWER-having mixing or
conflicting thoughts towards a person or situation; frequently observed in clients with
major depression
Concrete thinking - ANSWER-focusing on the facts and the physical presence rather
than abstract ideas; often observed in clients with BPD
Paranoia - ANSWER-a psychotic disorder characterised by delusions
Disorganised behaviour (schizophrenia) - ANSWER-disruption to goal directed
behaviours which impairs the client's ability to manage their own independent self-
care, behaviours
Catatonia - ANSWER-a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment,
usually including muscle rigidity, staring, inability to communicate, purposeless
movement
Magical thinking - ANSWER-resembles young children's thinking whereby thoughts,
words or action assumes power
- e.g. they have superpowers
,Delusion - ANSWER-a fixed false belief that is firmly held by a person
Eromanic delusion - ANSWER-a delusion that another person, usually of higher
status, is in love with the individual
Granidose delusions - ANSWER-the person has special abilities, power or authortiy
Persecutory delusions/ paranoia - ANSWER-a delusion that the individuals believe
someone or something intends to hurt them
Somatic delusion - ANSWER-false beliefs that one's appearance or part of one's
body is diseased or altered
e.g. believing that one's brain is rotting or melting
Purpose of risk assessment - ANSWER-to identify the likelihood of risk occurring,
severity of the risk and ensure safety in MH nursing
Types of risks - ANSWER-- violence
- aggression
- self-harm
- suicide
- self-neglect
- relapse
Examples of risk to self - ANSWER-- DSH, non-suicidal self-injury
- suicide
- self-neglect
- reputation
- medication non-adherence
- physical health issues
Examples of risk to others - ANSWER-- interpersonal violence
- sexual assaults/ abuse
- harassment
- property damage
- stalking
Examples of risk from others - ANSWER-- assaults
- sexual exploitation
- financial exploitation
- verbal abuse
Indicators of risks in MH - ANSWER-- sleep disturbance
- anxiety
- feeling of being picked on and targeted
- withdrawal
- drug use
- restless behaviours
Risk management of suicide - ANSWER-- take any threat seriously
, - talk about suicide openly
- implement suicide precautions (e.g. reduce access to sharps)
- remove the person from immediate danger
- locate the person nears the nursing station
- do not make unrealistic promises
- adopting non-judgemental, caring attitude
- identify what the person needs are
Waxy flexibility - ANSWER-a psychomotor symptom of catatonia as associated with
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other mental disorders which leads to significant
reduction in motor activity in response to external stimuli
Difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-- typical
antipsychotics have a significant side effects that often results in medication non-
adherence
- atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects
Examples of serious side effects associated with antipsychotics (7) - ANSWER-1.
Parkinsonism
2. Dystonias
3. Akathisia
4. Tardive dyskinesia
5. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
6. Metabolic dysregulation
7. Hyperprolactinemia
Examples of typical antipsychotic medications - ANSWER-1. Chlorpromazine
2. Haloperidol
3. Pericyazine
Examples of atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER-1. Clozapine (Clozaril)
2. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
3. Quetiapine (Seroquel)
4. Risperidone (Risperdal)
(..."apine" or..."idone")
Primary goal for acute treatment in MH (how to achieve?) - ANSWER-goal: maintain
a safe environment for clients and all people within the acute care unit
- reduce the likelihood of harm from self, staff or family; reduce stress and disability
associated with acute symptoms
Treatment goals for acute psychosis (4) - ANSWER-First line: pharmacology
- stabilisation
- maintenance
- support and social reintegration
What is major depressive disorder? - ANSWER-Two or more major depressive
episodes including
- depressed mood for most of the day
- significant weight loss or gain
