PHARMACOLOGY 5334 MODULE 2
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
, Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - ANSWERTMP/SMZ for 3 days;
Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - ANSWERCiprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - ANSWERUrinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - ANSWERLower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not
absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - ANSWERGI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic
effects; peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and
may be irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - ANSWERDecomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic
lower UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary
alkalinizers, which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - ANSWERSingle dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course
therapy: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - ANSWERFirst line: TMP/SMZ,
ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - ANSWERTMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14
days, levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - ANSWERProphylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6
months; TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - ANSWER-floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - ANSWERBest done with sputum culture (takes up to 16
weeks for results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community
and immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify
sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - ANSWERResistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - ANSWERResistant to isoniazid and rifampin,
all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
, Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - ANSWERTMP/SMZ for 3 days;
Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - ANSWERCiprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - ANSWERUrinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - ANSWERLower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not
absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - ANSWERGI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic
effects; peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and
may be irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - ANSWERDecomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic
lower UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary
alkalinizers, which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - ANSWERSingle dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course
therapy: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - ANSWERFirst line: TMP/SMZ,
ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - ANSWERTMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14
days, levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - ANSWERProphylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6
months; TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - ANSWER-floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - ANSWERBest done with sputum culture (takes up to 16
weeks for results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community
and immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify
sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - ANSWERResistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - ANSWERResistant to isoniazid and rifampin,
all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
