HROB 2090 Final Exam Rated A+
__________ can be used to increase the probability of desired behaviours and to
reduce or eliminate the probability of undesirable behaviours.
a) Operant learning
b) Socialist learning
c) Referent learning
d) Diversified learning - ANSWER-a) Operant learning
__________ is a critical aspect of power acquisition and political success. It involves
developing informal social contacts to enlist the cooperation of others when their
support is necessary.
a) Networking
b) Apparent sincerity
c) Interpersonal influence
d) Social astuteness - ANSWER-a) Networking
__________ is the extent to which organizations divide labour vertically, horizontally,
and geographically.
a) Departmentation
b) Structure
c) Organizational design
d) Complexity - ANSWER-d) Complexity
__________ is when an individual adjusts his or her behaviour to the norm, even if he
or she does not really subscribe to the beliefs, values, and attitudes that underlie the
norm.
a) Identification
b) Information dependence
c) Faking
d) Compliance - ANSWER-d) Compliance
__________ refers to beliefs people have about their ability to successfully perform a
specific task.
a) Self-esteem
b) Core self-evaluations
c) Self-efficacy
c) Locus of control - ANSWER-c) Self-efficacy
___________ involves translating principles based on the best scientific evidence into
organizational practices.
a) Evidence-based management
b) Team work
c) A highly profitable outcome
d) A scientifically based decision - ANSWER-a) Evidence-based management
,___________ the behaviour of others is an essential requirement for everyday life, both
inside and outside of organizations.
a) praising
b) explaining
c) predicting
d) promoting - ANSWER-c) predicting
____________ allows employees to choose for themselves the times at which they
arrive and leave, as long as they are present during certain core times.
a) Telecommuting
b) Flex-time
c) A distant staffing program
d) Compressed workweek - ANSWER-b) Flex-time
____________ are motivation theories that specify the kinds of needs people have and
the conditions under which they will be motivated to satisfy these needs in a way that
contributes to performance.
a) Process theories
b) Operant learning theories
c) Personality traits
d) Need theories - ANSWER-d) Need theories
____________ as a motive for conformity is often revealed by an imitation process in
which established members serve as models for the behaviour of others.
a) Identification
b) Compliance
c) Socialization
d) Groupthink - ANSWER-a) Identification
____________ change occurs when people either overtly or covertly fail to support the
change effort.
a) Difficulty with
b) Acceptance of
c) Resistance to
d) Denial of - ANSWER-c) Resistance to
____________ is the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal.
a) Direction
b) Performance
c) Work
d) Motivation - ANSWER-d) Motivation
____________ is the process by which innovations move through an organization.
a) Communication
b) Adoption
,c) Change
d) Diffusion - ANSWER-d) Diffusion
____________ occurs in all organizations as friendships develop and individuals form
informal alliances to accomplish work.
a) informal grouping
b) mergers
c) organizational structure
d) organizational culture - ANSWER-a) informal grouping
____________ says that job satisfaction stems from the discrepancy between the job
outcomes wanted and the outcomes that are perceived to be obtained.
a) Discrepancy theory
b) Disposition theory
c) Attitudes and beliefs
d) Procedural fairness - ANSWER-a) Discrepancy theory
_____________ are group incentive plans that are based on improved productivity or
performance over which the workforce has some control.
a) Pay equity plans
b) Gainsharing plans
c) Employee stock ownership plans
d) Profit sharing plans - ANSWER-b) Gainsharing plans
_____________ communication flows from the top of the organization toward the
bottom.
a) Downward
b) Productive
c) Informal
d) Chain of command - ANSWER-a) Downward
_____________ is a critique of classical management and bureaucracy that advocated
management styles that were more participative and oriented toward employee needs.
a) Scientific management
b) The human relations movement
c) Evidence-based management
d) The classical viewpoint - ANSWER-b) The human relations movement
______________ indicates that specific and challenging goals that people are
committed to, as well as feedback about progress toward goal attainment, will have a
positive effect on amount, persistence, and direction of effort.
a) Equity theory
b) Expectancy theory
c) Goal setting theory
d) Need theories of motivation - ANSWER-c) Goal setting theory
, ______________ leadership behaviour involves contingent reward behaviour, and
management by exception.
b) LMX
a) Traditional
c) Transactional
d) Transformative - ANSWER-c) Transactional
______________ to stress are overt activities that the stressed individual uses in an
attempt to cope with the stress. They include problem solving, seeking social support,
modified performance, withdrawal, presenteeism, and the use of addictive substances.
a) Rational reactions
b) Social reaction
c) Behavioural reactions
d) Physiological reactions - ANSWER-c) Behavioural reactions
________________ characteristics refer to the attributes of the task, job, and social and
organizational environment and consist of three categories: motivational characteristics,
social characteristics, and work context characteristics.
a) Relational
b) Work design
c) Job crafting
d) Job rotation - ANSWER-b) Work design
________________ involves informal acknowledgement, attention, praise, approval, or
genuine appreciation for work well done from one individual or group to another.
a) Social recognition
b) Performance feedback
c) Delayed reinforcement
d) Reward preferences - ANSWER-a) Social recognition
________________ is the provision of a balanced, realistic picture of the positive and
negative aspects of a job to applicants.
a) Internalization
b) Realistic job previews
c) Identification of job demands
d) Socialization and training - ANSWER-b) Realistic job previews
________________ refers to employees' resignation from an organization and it can be
incredibly expensive.
a) Absenteeism
b) Turnover
c) Dissatisfaction
d) Layoffs - ANSWER-b) Turnover
_________________ are work groups that bring people with different functional
specialties together to better invent, design, or deliver a product or service.
__________ can be used to increase the probability of desired behaviours and to
reduce or eliminate the probability of undesirable behaviours.
a) Operant learning
b) Socialist learning
c) Referent learning
d) Diversified learning - ANSWER-a) Operant learning
__________ is a critical aspect of power acquisition and political success. It involves
developing informal social contacts to enlist the cooperation of others when their
support is necessary.
a) Networking
b) Apparent sincerity
c) Interpersonal influence
d) Social astuteness - ANSWER-a) Networking
__________ is the extent to which organizations divide labour vertically, horizontally,
and geographically.
a) Departmentation
b) Structure
c) Organizational design
d) Complexity - ANSWER-d) Complexity
__________ is when an individual adjusts his or her behaviour to the norm, even if he
or she does not really subscribe to the beliefs, values, and attitudes that underlie the
norm.
a) Identification
b) Information dependence
c) Faking
d) Compliance - ANSWER-d) Compliance
__________ refers to beliefs people have about their ability to successfully perform a
specific task.
a) Self-esteem
b) Core self-evaluations
c) Self-efficacy
c) Locus of control - ANSWER-c) Self-efficacy
___________ involves translating principles based on the best scientific evidence into
organizational practices.
a) Evidence-based management
b) Team work
c) A highly profitable outcome
d) A scientifically based decision - ANSWER-a) Evidence-based management
,___________ the behaviour of others is an essential requirement for everyday life, both
inside and outside of organizations.
a) praising
b) explaining
c) predicting
d) promoting - ANSWER-c) predicting
____________ allows employees to choose for themselves the times at which they
arrive and leave, as long as they are present during certain core times.
a) Telecommuting
b) Flex-time
c) A distant staffing program
d) Compressed workweek - ANSWER-b) Flex-time
____________ are motivation theories that specify the kinds of needs people have and
the conditions under which they will be motivated to satisfy these needs in a way that
contributes to performance.
a) Process theories
b) Operant learning theories
c) Personality traits
d) Need theories - ANSWER-d) Need theories
____________ as a motive for conformity is often revealed by an imitation process in
which established members serve as models for the behaviour of others.
a) Identification
b) Compliance
c) Socialization
d) Groupthink - ANSWER-a) Identification
____________ change occurs when people either overtly or covertly fail to support the
change effort.
a) Difficulty with
b) Acceptance of
c) Resistance to
d) Denial of - ANSWER-c) Resistance to
____________ is the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal.
a) Direction
b) Performance
c) Work
d) Motivation - ANSWER-d) Motivation
____________ is the process by which innovations move through an organization.
a) Communication
b) Adoption
,c) Change
d) Diffusion - ANSWER-d) Diffusion
____________ occurs in all organizations as friendships develop and individuals form
informal alliances to accomplish work.
a) informal grouping
b) mergers
c) organizational structure
d) organizational culture - ANSWER-a) informal grouping
____________ says that job satisfaction stems from the discrepancy between the job
outcomes wanted and the outcomes that are perceived to be obtained.
a) Discrepancy theory
b) Disposition theory
c) Attitudes and beliefs
d) Procedural fairness - ANSWER-a) Discrepancy theory
_____________ are group incentive plans that are based on improved productivity or
performance over which the workforce has some control.
a) Pay equity plans
b) Gainsharing plans
c) Employee stock ownership plans
d) Profit sharing plans - ANSWER-b) Gainsharing plans
_____________ communication flows from the top of the organization toward the
bottom.
a) Downward
b) Productive
c) Informal
d) Chain of command - ANSWER-a) Downward
_____________ is a critique of classical management and bureaucracy that advocated
management styles that were more participative and oriented toward employee needs.
a) Scientific management
b) The human relations movement
c) Evidence-based management
d) The classical viewpoint - ANSWER-b) The human relations movement
______________ indicates that specific and challenging goals that people are
committed to, as well as feedback about progress toward goal attainment, will have a
positive effect on amount, persistence, and direction of effort.
a) Equity theory
b) Expectancy theory
c) Goal setting theory
d) Need theories of motivation - ANSWER-c) Goal setting theory
, ______________ leadership behaviour involves contingent reward behaviour, and
management by exception.
b) LMX
a) Traditional
c) Transactional
d) Transformative - ANSWER-c) Transactional
______________ to stress are overt activities that the stressed individual uses in an
attempt to cope with the stress. They include problem solving, seeking social support,
modified performance, withdrawal, presenteeism, and the use of addictive substances.
a) Rational reactions
b) Social reaction
c) Behavioural reactions
d) Physiological reactions - ANSWER-c) Behavioural reactions
________________ characteristics refer to the attributes of the task, job, and social and
organizational environment and consist of three categories: motivational characteristics,
social characteristics, and work context characteristics.
a) Relational
b) Work design
c) Job crafting
d) Job rotation - ANSWER-b) Work design
________________ involves informal acknowledgement, attention, praise, approval, or
genuine appreciation for work well done from one individual or group to another.
a) Social recognition
b) Performance feedback
c) Delayed reinforcement
d) Reward preferences - ANSWER-a) Social recognition
________________ is the provision of a balanced, realistic picture of the positive and
negative aspects of a job to applicants.
a) Internalization
b) Realistic job previews
c) Identification of job demands
d) Socialization and training - ANSWER-b) Realistic job previews
________________ refers to employees' resignation from an organization and it can be
incredibly expensive.
a) Absenteeism
b) Turnover
c) Dissatisfaction
d) Layoffs - ANSWER-b) Turnover
_________________ are work groups that bring people with different functional
specialties together to better invent, design, or deliver a product or service.
