NURS 356- EXAM 1 || with Error-free Answers.
absorption
addiction
adrenergic correct answers Absorption: a process involving the movement of a substance from its
site of administration, across body membranes, to circulating fluids
Addiction: an overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to take drugs repetitively, despite
serious health and social consequences
Adrenergic: stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
adverse effect
agonist
antagonist correct answers Adverse effect: an unfavorable drug reaction
Agonist: A drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance
Antagonist: a drug will occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from acting
bioavailability
biologics
biotransformation correct answers Bioavailability: the physiologic ability of the drug to reach its
target cells and produce its effect
Biologics: agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself
,Biotransformation: the process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more
easily removed from the body
black box warning
cholinergic
clinical trial correct answers Black box warning: one of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered during and after the review process
Cholinergic: autonomic drugs that activate cholinergic receptors in the eye and produce miosis,
constriction of the pupil, and contraction of the ciliary muscle
Clinical trial: tests done to evaluate new medications
controlled substance
dependence correct answers Controlled substance: a drug whose use is restricted by the
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and later revisions
dependence: a physiologic or psychologic need for a substance
displacement
dissolution
distribution correct answers Displacement: When drugs are taken together, one drug may shift
another drug at a nonspecific protein-binding site (e.g., plasma albumin), thereby altering the
desired effect
Dissolution: how quickly the drug disintegrates and disperses into simpler forms
Distribution: the transport of drugs throughout the body after they have been absorbed or injected
,dose response curve
duration of action correct answers Dose response curve: the response of a dose at certain
concentrations
Duration of action: how long the drug produces the desired effect
efficacy
excretion correct answers Efficacy: the magnitude of maximal response that can be produced
from a particular drug
Excretion: Drugs are removed from the body by this process
first-pass effect
formulary
generic name correct answers First-pass effect: as blood passes through the liver circulation,
some drugs can be completely metabolized to an inactive form before they ever reach the general
circulation
Formulary: list of drugs and drug recipes
Generic name: assigned by the U.S. Adopted Name Council, less complicated and easier to
remember than chemical names
loading dose
maintenance dose
mechanism of action correct answers Loading dose: a higher amount of drug, often given only
once or twice to "prime" the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug
, Maintenance dose: given to keep the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range before
plasma levels can drop back toward zero
Mechanism of action: how a drug produces its physiologic effect in the body
metabolism
negative formulary list
nicotinic receptor correct answers Metabolism: the process of chemically converting a drug to a
form that is usually more easily removed from the body
Negative formulary list: a list of trade name drugs that pharmacists may not dispense as generic
drugs
Nicotinic receptor: receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
onset of action
over the counter
parasympathetic correct answers Onset of action: when the drug begins to start working
Over the counter: do not require a healthcare provider's order
Parasympathetic: activated under nonstressful conditions and produces symptoms called the rest-
and-digest response, Digestive and urinary processes are promoted, and heart rate and blood
pressure decline. Less air is needed, so the bronchi constrict
peak and trough levels
pharmacodynamics
Pharmacogenetics correct answers Peak and trough levels: highest level of drug in the
bloodstream, typically about 30 minutes after dose is completely infused
absorption
addiction
adrenergic correct answers Absorption: a process involving the movement of a substance from its
site of administration, across body membranes, to circulating fluids
Addiction: an overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to take drugs repetitively, despite
serious health and social consequences
Adrenergic: stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
adverse effect
agonist
antagonist correct answers Adverse effect: an unfavorable drug reaction
Agonist: A drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance
Antagonist: a drug will occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from acting
bioavailability
biologics
biotransformation correct answers Bioavailability: the physiologic ability of the drug to reach its
target cells and produce its effect
Biologics: agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself
,Biotransformation: the process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more
easily removed from the body
black box warning
cholinergic
clinical trial correct answers Black box warning: one of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered during and after the review process
Cholinergic: autonomic drugs that activate cholinergic receptors in the eye and produce miosis,
constriction of the pupil, and contraction of the ciliary muscle
Clinical trial: tests done to evaluate new medications
controlled substance
dependence correct answers Controlled substance: a drug whose use is restricted by the
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and later revisions
dependence: a physiologic or psychologic need for a substance
displacement
dissolution
distribution correct answers Displacement: When drugs are taken together, one drug may shift
another drug at a nonspecific protein-binding site (e.g., plasma albumin), thereby altering the
desired effect
Dissolution: how quickly the drug disintegrates and disperses into simpler forms
Distribution: the transport of drugs throughout the body after they have been absorbed or injected
,dose response curve
duration of action correct answers Dose response curve: the response of a dose at certain
concentrations
Duration of action: how long the drug produces the desired effect
efficacy
excretion correct answers Efficacy: the magnitude of maximal response that can be produced
from a particular drug
Excretion: Drugs are removed from the body by this process
first-pass effect
formulary
generic name correct answers First-pass effect: as blood passes through the liver circulation,
some drugs can be completely metabolized to an inactive form before they ever reach the general
circulation
Formulary: list of drugs and drug recipes
Generic name: assigned by the U.S. Adopted Name Council, less complicated and easier to
remember than chemical names
loading dose
maintenance dose
mechanism of action correct answers Loading dose: a higher amount of drug, often given only
once or twice to "prime" the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug
, Maintenance dose: given to keep the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range before
plasma levels can drop back toward zero
Mechanism of action: how a drug produces its physiologic effect in the body
metabolism
negative formulary list
nicotinic receptor correct answers Metabolism: the process of chemically converting a drug to a
form that is usually more easily removed from the body
Negative formulary list: a list of trade name drugs that pharmacists may not dispense as generic
drugs
Nicotinic receptor: receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
onset of action
over the counter
parasympathetic correct answers Onset of action: when the drug begins to start working
Over the counter: do not require a healthcare provider's order
Parasympathetic: activated under nonstressful conditions and produces symptoms called the rest-
and-digest response, Digestive and urinary processes are promoted, and heart rate and blood
pressure decline. Less air is needed, so the bronchi constrict
peak and trough levels
pharmacodynamics
Pharmacogenetics correct answers Peak and trough levels: highest level of drug in the
bloodstream, typically about 30 minutes after dose is completely infused
