Finall Exam:l NUl 606/l NU606l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl
Pathophysiologyl Review|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l Regis
Q:l Whatl doesl edemal developl asl partl ofl thel inflammatoryl response?
Answer:
lossl ofl function
deprivesl thel cellsl ofl nutrients
restrictedl jointl movement
Q:l Scabies
Answer:
Resultl ofl anl invasionl byl al MITE
-Thel mitel burrowsl intol thel epidermis,l layingl eggsl overl al periodl ofl severall weeksl asl
shel movesl alongl inl thel stratuml coreum.l
-Thel malel diesl afterl fertilizingl thel femalel andl thel femalel diesl afterl layingl thel eggs
-Thel larvael emergingl froml thel eggsl migratel tol thel skinl surfacel andl thenl burrowl intol
thel skinl inl searchl ofl nutrients.l
-Asl thel larvael maturel intol adultsl thel cyclel isl repeated
S/Sl tiny,l linel brownl linesl indicatel burrows
smalll vesicles
erythema
inflammationl andl pruritisl causedl byl thel damagel donel tol thel skinl byl thel burrowingl andl
thel presencel ofl mitel fecall matterl inl thel burrow
Commonl sitesl includel betweenl thel fingers,l thel wrist,l thel innerl surfacesl ofl thel elbowl
andl thel waistline
Treatment:l Topicall treatmentl withl lindanel (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)
,Mitesl canl onlyl survivel forl al shortl amountl ofl timel awayl froml al humanl hostl andl theyl
usuallyl onlyl spreadl throughl closel contact
Q:l Pediculosisl humanusl corporis
Answer:
bodyl licel (corpus),l Headl (capitus),l Pubicl (pubis)
Licel arel small,l brownishl parasitesl thatl feedl offl humanl blood.l
-Theyl cannotl survivel longl withoutl al humanl host
-Femalel licel layl eggsl onl hairl shafts,l cementingl thel eggsl firmlyl tol thel hairl closel tol thel
scalp
-Thel eggl orl NITl appearsl asl small,l whitishl shelll attachingl tol thel hair
-Afterl hatchingl thel lousel bitesl thel humanl hostl suckingl bloodl forl survival
s/s:l
maculel orl papulel forms
Maculel isl highlyl pruriticl owingl tol mitel saliva.l Thel exoriationsl thatl resultl froml
stratchingl andl thel visiblel nitsl providel evidencel ofl infestation,l thel adultl licel arel usuallyl
notl visible.l
Treatment:l Permetherin,l malathion,l orl pyrethrinl isl usedl tol treatl lice,l althoughl resistancel
tol thesel drugsl isl widespread
Al finel toothl combl canl alsol removel nitsl froml thel hair
Washl alll bedding,l clothing
Q:l seborrheicl keratosis
Answer:
thickenedl andl roughl lesionl ofl thel epidermis;l associatedl withl agingl orl skinl damage
Resultsl froml proliferationl ofl basall cells,l leadingl tol anl ovall elevationl thatl mayl bel
smoothl orl roughl andl isl oftenl darkl inl color
-Canl bel foundl onl thel facel orl upperl trunk
Q:l Actinicl Keratosis
Answer:
al precancerousl skinl growthl thatl occursl onl sun-damagedl skin
, appearsl likel al scaleyl patchl andl theyl mayl developl intol squamousl celll carcinoma
Q:l Impetigo
Answer:
bacteriall skinl infectionl characterizedl byl isolatedl pustulesl thatl becomel crustedl andl
rupture
-Commonl inl infantsl andl childrenl butl canl alsol occurl inl adults
-Highlyl contagious,l canl bel specificallyl threateningl tol neonatesl d/tl theirl lowl immunel
syst.l
-Infectionl resultsl froml S.l aureusl orl Al betahemolyticl streptococci.l
-Spreadl byl directl contactl withl thel hands,l eatingl utensils,l equipment,l towels
-Spreadl amongl teamsl isl quitel common
s/s:l lesionsl commonlyl occurl onl thel face
-smalll redl vesiclesl arel presentl whichl rapidlyl enlarge
-Vesiclesl willl rupturel tol forml yellowish-brownl crustyl massesl butl underneathl thisl crustl
thel lesionl isl redl andl moistl andl exudesl al honeyl coloredl liquid
-Additionall vesiclesl developl aroundl thel primaryl sitel byl autoinoculationl withl hands,l
towels,l orl clothes
-Pruritusl isl commonl leadingl tol scratchingl andl furtherl spreadl ofl infection
l Treatment:l topicall antibioticsl mayl bel usedl inl thel earlyl stagesl butl systemicl
administrationl ofl thesel drugsl isl necessaryl ifl thel lesionsl arel extensive
Drugl resistancel isl building
Q:l scleroderma
Answer:
chronicl progressivel diseasel ofl thel skinl andl internall organsl withl hardeningl andl shrinkingl
ofl connectivel tissue
causel isl notl known
-Collagenl depositionl inl thel arteriolesl andl capillariesl reducesl bloodl flowl tol thel skinl andl
internall organs.l Collogenl deposits,l inflammation,l andl fibrosisl withl decreasedl capillaryl
networksl developl inl thel skin.l
s/s:l hard,l shiny,l tight,l immovablel areasl ofl skinl arel present
-fingertipsl arel narrowedl andl shortenedl andl thel Raynaudl phenomenonl mayl bel presentl
furtherl disposingl thel individuall tol ulcerationl andl atrophyl inl thel fingers
2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl
Pathophysiologyl Review|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l Regis
Q:l Whatl doesl edemal developl asl partl ofl thel inflammatoryl response?
Answer:
lossl ofl function
deprivesl thel cellsl ofl nutrients
restrictedl jointl movement
Q:l Scabies
Answer:
Resultl ofl anl invasionl byl al MITE
-Thel mitel burrowsl intol thel epidermis,l layingl eggsl overl al periodl ofl severall weeksl asl
shel movesl alongl inl thel stratuml coreum.l
-Thel malel diesl afterl fertilizingl thel femalel andl thel femalel diesl afterl layingl thel eggs
-Thel larvael emergingl froml thel eggsl migratel tol thel skinl surfacel andl thenl burrowl intol
thel skinl inl searchl ofl nutrients.l
-Asl thel larvael maturel intol adultsl thel cyclel isl repeated
S/Sl tiny,l linel brownl linesl indicatel burrows
smalll vesicles
erythema
inflammationl andl pruritisl causedl byl thel damagel donel tol thel skinl byl thel burrowingl andl
thel presencel ofl mitel fecall matterl inl thel burrow
Commonl sitesl includel betweenl thel fingers,l thel wrist,l thel innerl surfacesl ofl thel elbowl
andl thel waistline
Treatment:l Topicall treatmentl withl lindanel (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)
,Mitesl canl onlyl survivel forl al shortl amountl ofl timel awayl froml al humanl hostl andl theyl
usuallyl onlyl spreadl throughl closel contact
Q:l Pediculosisl humanusl corporis
Answer:
bodyl licel (corpus),l Headl (capitus),l Pubicl (pubis)
Licel arel small,l brownishl parasitesl thatl feedl offl humanl blood.l
-Theyl cannotl survivel longl withoutl al humanl host
-Femalel licel layl eggsl onl hairl shafts,l cementingl thel eggsl firmlyl tol thel hairl closel tol thel
scalp
-Thel eggl orl NITl appearsl asl small,l whitishl shelll attachingl tol thel hair
-Afterl hatchingl thel lousel bitesl thel humanl hostl suckingl bloodl forl survival
s/s:l
maculel orl papulel forms
Maculel isl highlyl pruriticl owingl tol mitel saliva.l Thel exoriationsl thatl resultl froml
stratchingl andl thel visiblel nitsl providel evidencel ofl infestation,l thel adultl licel arel usuallyl
notl visible.l
Treatment:l Permetherin,l malathion,l orl pyrethrinl isl usedl tol treatl lice,l althoughl resistancel
tol thesel drugsl isl widespread
Al finel toothl combl canl alsol removel nitsl froml thel hair
Washl alll bedding,l clothing
Q:l seborrheicl keratosis
Answer:
thickenedl andl roughl lesionl ofl thel epidermis;l associatedl withl agingl orl skinl damage
Resultsl froml proliferationl ofl basall cells,l leadingl tol anl ovall elevationl thatl mayl bel
smoothl orl roughl andl isl oftenl darkl inl color
-Canl bel foundl onl thel facel orl upperl trunk
Q:l Actinicl Keratosis
Answer:
al precancerousl skinl growthl thatl occursl onl sun-damagedl skin
, appearsl likel al scaleyl patchl andl theyl mayl developl intol squamousl celll carcinoma
Q:l Impetigo
Answer:
bacteriall skinl infectionl characterizedl byl isolatedl pustulesl thatl becomel crustedl andl
rupture
-Commonl inl infantsl andl childrenl butl canl alsol occurl inl adults
-Highlyl contagious,l canl bel specificallyl threateningl tol neonatesl d/tl theirl lowl immunel
syst.l
-Infectionl resultsl froml S.l aureusl orl Al betahemolyticl streptococci.l
-Spreadl byl directl contactl withl thel hands,l eatingl utensils,l equipment,l towels
-Spreadl amongl teamsl isl quitel common
s/s:l lesionsl commonlyl occurl onl thel face
-smalll redl vesiclesl arel presentl whichl rapidlyl enlarge
-Vesiclesl willl rupturel tol forml yellowish-brownl crustyl massesl butl underneathl thisl crustl
thel lesionl isl redl andl moistl andl exudesl al honeyl coloredl liquid
-Additionall vesiclesl developl aroundl thel primaryl sitel byl autoinoculationl withl hands,l
towels,l orl clothes
-Pruritusl isl commonl leadingl tol scratchingl andl furtherl spreadl ofl infection
l Treatment:l topicall antibioticsl mayl bel usedl inl thel earlyl stagesl butl systemicl
administrationl ofl thesel drugsl isl necessaryl ifl thel lesionsl arel extensive
Drugl resistancel isl building
Q:l scleroderma
Answer:
chronicl progressivel diseasel ofl thel skinl andl internall organsl withl hardeningl andl shrinkingl
ofl connectivel tissue
causel isl notl known
-Collagenl depositionl inl thel arteriolesl andl capillariesl reducesl bloodl flowl tol thel skinl andl
internall organs.l Collogenl deposits,l inflammation,l andl fibrosisl withl decreasedl capillaryl
networksl developl inl thel skin.l
s/s:l hard,l shiny,l tight,l immovablel areasl ofl skinl arel present
-fingertipsl arel narrowedl andl shortenedl andl thel Raynaudl phenomenonl mayl bel presentl
furtherl disposingl thel individuall tol ulcerationl andl atrophyl inl thel fingers
