FTCE ESOL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Phonology - ....ANSWER ...-the way in which speech sounds form patterns;
characteristics include phonemes, pitch, and stress
concept maps - ....ANSWER ...-students learn the relationship between the
different elements of a topic and how to organize them from the most general to the
most specific
Surface Structure - ....ANSWER ...-what we say or write-literal meaning of words
Pitch - ....ANSWER ...-determines the context or meaning of words or series of
words
Stress - ....ANSWER ...-occurs at a "word" or "sentence" level
Dialect - ....ANSWER ...-a variety of speech characterized by its own particular
grammar or
pronunciation - ....ANSWER ...-often associated with a particular geographical
region
Phonographemics - ....ANSWER ...-study of letters and letter combinations
Phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-smallest units of sound in the human language, like
consonants or vowels
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
,Homonyms - ....ANSWER ...-word forms that have two or more meanings
Homographs - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have same spelling or
pronunciation but different meanings, e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
different meanings - ....ANSWER ...-e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
Homophones - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have the same
pronunciation but different meanings and spelling e.g. wood/would, cite/sight
Heteronyms - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have the same spelling, but
have a different pronunciation and meaning, e.g. Polish/polish.
Morphemic Analysis - ....ANSWER ...-requires breaking a word down into its
component parts to determine its meaning
Sociolinguistics - ....ANSWER ...-the study of how social conditions influence the
use of language these social factors include ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and
education play a role in how individuals use language
Morpheme - ....ANSWER ...-the smallest unit of language system which has
meaning; these smaller units include the root/base word, prefix, and a suffix
Morphology - ....ANSWER ...-the process of how the words of a language are
formed to create meaningful messages
Underlying Principles of Morphology - ....ANSWER ...-1. Morphemes may be free
2. Knowledge of meanings of derivational morphemes 3. Provide grammatical rather that
semantic information for words and sentences (e.g. of, the, and) 4. Words can be
combined to create new compound words (e.g. keychain)
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
,Pragmatics - ....ANSWER ...-the study of how the context impacts the
interpretation of language; dictate language choice, body language, the degree of
intimacy - ....ANSWER ...-and how meaning is interpreted
Syntax - ....ANSWER ...-the order in which words are arranged to create meaning
Discourse - ....ANSWER ...-linguistic units composed of several sentences;
derivedfrom the concept of "discursive formation" or communication that involves
specialized knowledge of various kinds
Standardizer - ....ANSWER ...-a learner who successfully integrates the new
knowledge
Simplifier - ....ANSWER ...-a learner that reverts to syntactical rules learned at
easierstages they fail to integrate the new knowledge
Code-switching - ....ANSWER ...-a person who intersperses one language with
another or mixing some words, phrases, or idioms from one language with another
Empty language - ....ANSWER ...-has little meaning but is important in social
exchanges
Perfunctory speech - ....ANSWER ...-has little meaning but is important in social
exchanges
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills(BICS) - ....ANSWER ...-learners must
acquire to function in social situations
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency(CALP) - ....ANSWER ...-allows
learners to participate in informal discourses; the "language of learning"
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 3
, Common Underlying Proficiency(CUP) Skills - ....ANSWER ...-ideas, and
concepts that learners can transfer from their first language to their English learning
Sentence - ....ANSWER ...-a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and
expresses a complete idea
Parts of speech - ....ANSWER ...-eight classifications for words (noun, verb,
pronoun, adjective, adverb, prepositions, interjection, conjunctions
Subject - ....ANSWER ...-tells what or whom the sentence is about
Predicate - ....ANSWER ...-makes a statement about what the subject is or does
Compound subject - ....ANSWER ...-when the subject consists o two or more
pronouns, e.g.Books and magazines filled the room.
Compound predicate - ....ANSWER ...-a predicate that contains more than one
verb pertaining to the subject, e.g. The boys walked and talked.
Simple sentence - ....ANSWER ...-an independent clause that is a complete
thought consisting of a subject and a predicate
Compound sentence - ....ANSWER ...-consists of two independent clauses joined
together by a coordinator (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so)
Complex sentence - ....ANSWER ...-a sentence consisting of a dependent clause
and an independent clause joined together using a subordinating conjunction
Phrase - ....ANSWER ...-a group of words that does not have a subject and a
predicate and cannot stand alone
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 4
AND ANSWERS
Phonology - ....ANSWER ...-the way in which speech sounds form patterns;
characteristics include phonemes, pitch, and stress
concept maps - ....ANSWER ...-students learn the relationship between the
different elements of a topic and how to organize them from the most general to the
most specific
Surface Structure - ....ANSWER ...-what we say or write-literal meaning of words
Pitch - ....ANSWER ...-determines the context or meaning of words or series of
words
Stress - ....ANSWER ...-occurs at a "word" or "sentence" level
Dialect - ....ANSWER ...-a variety of speech characterized by its own particular
grammar or
pronunciation - ....ANSWER ...-often associated with a particular geographical
region
Phonographemics - ....ANSWER ...-study of letters and letter combinations
Phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-smallest units of sound in the human language, like
consonants or vowels
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
,Homonyms - ....ANSWER ...-word forms that have two or more meanings
Homographs - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have same spelling or
pronunciation but different meanings, e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
different meanings - ....ANSWER ...-e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
Homophones - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have the same
pronunciation but different meanings and spelling e.g. wood/would, cite/sight
Heteronyms - ....ANSWER ...-two or more words that have the same spelling, but
have a different pronunciation and meaning, e.g. Polish/polish.
Morphemic Analysis - ....ANSWER ...-requires breaking a word down into its
component parts to determine its meaning
Sociolinguistics - ....ANSWER ...-the study of how social conditions influence the
use of language these social factors include ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and
education play a role in how individuals use language
Morpheme - ....ANSWER ...-the smallest unit of language system which has
meaning; these smaller units include the root/base word, prefix, and a suffix
Morphology - ....ANSWER ...-the process of how the words of a language are
formed to create meaningful messages
Underlying Principles of Morphology - ....ANSWER ...-1. Morphemes may be free
2. Knowledge of meanings of derivational morphemes 3. Provide grammatical rather that
semantic information for words and sentences (e.g. of, the, and) 4. Words can be
combined to create new compound words (e.g. keychain)
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
,Pragmatics - ....ANSWER ...-the study of how the context impacts the
interpretation of language; dictate language choice, body language, the degree of
intimacy - ....ANSWER ...-and how meaning is interpreted
Syntax - ....ANSWER ...-the order in which words are arranged to create meaning
Discourse - ....ANSWER ...-linguistic units composed of several sentences;
derivedfrom the concept of "discursive formation" or communication that involves
specialized knowledge of various kinds
Standardizer - ....ANSWER ...-a learner who successfully integrates the new
knowledge
Simplifier - ....ANSWER ...-a learner that reverts to syntactical rules learned at
easierstages they fail to integrate the new knowledge
Code-switching - ....ANSWER ...-a person who intersperses one language with
another or mixing some words, phrases, or idioms from one language with another
Empty language - ....ANSWER ...-has little meaning but is important in social
exchanges
Perfunctory speech - ....ANSWER ...-has little meaning but is important in social
exchanges
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills(BICS) - ....ANSWER ...-learners must
acquire to function in social situations
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency(CALP) - ....ANSWER ...-allows
learners to participate in informal discourses; the "language of learning"
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 3
, Common Underlying Proficiency(CUP) Skills - ....ANSWER ...-ideas, and
concepts that learners can transfer from their first language to their English learning
Sentence - ....ANSWER ...-a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and
expresses a complete idea
Parts of speech - ....ANSWER ...-eight classifications for words (noun, verb,
pronoun, adjective, adverb, prepositions, interjection, conjunctions
Subject - ....ANSWER ...-tells what or whom the sentence is about
Predicate - ....ANSWER ...-makes a statement about what the subject is or does
Compound subject - ....ANSWER ...-when the subject consists o two or more
pronouns, e.g.Books and magazines filled the room.
Compound predicate - ....ANSWER ...-a predicate that contains more than one
verb pertaining to the subject, e.g. The boys walked and talked.
Simple sentence - ....ANSWER ...-an independent clause that is a complete
thought consisting of a subject and a predicate
Compound sentence - ....ANSWER ...-consists of two independent clauses joined
together by a coordinator (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so)
Complex sentence - ....ANSWER ...-a sentence consisting of a dependent clause
and an independent clause joined together using a subordinating conjunction
Phrase - ....ANSWER ...-a group of words that does not have a subject and a
predicate and cannot stand alone
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 4
