ESOL NES EXAM PART 1 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
phonetics - ....ANSWER ...-production of speech sounds
phonology - ....ANSWER ...-the study of speech sounds in language
phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-smallest unit of sound
allophones - ....ANSWER ...-Letters or combinations of letters that make the same
sound
phonetic variation - ....ANSWER ...-variation in pronouncing a particular sound
place of articulation - ....ANSWER ...-The position in the mouth where a
consonant sound is produced
manner of articulation - ....ANSWER ...-the extent to which airflow is interrupted
by parts of the mouth in the production of consonant sounds
voicing - ....ANSWER ...-vibration of the vocal folds
reduced vowels - ....ANSWER ...-vowels ➔ ə in an unstressed syllable (pho-TUH-
graph)
schwa - ....ANSWER ...-The vowel sound sometimes heard in an unstressed
syllable and is most often sounded as /uh/ or as the short /u/ sound as in cup.
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
, consonant phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-about 24 of these particular sounds
digraphs - ....ANSWER ...-two letters that represent one speech sound, such as
"ch" for /ch/ in chin or "ea" for /e/ in bread.
Diphthongs - ....ANSWER ...-a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in
a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as
in coin, loud, and side ).
consonant clusters - ....ANSWER ...-group of consonants which have no
intervening vowel, ie. /spl/ + /ts/ for "splits"
phoneme deletion - ....ANSWER ...-removing phonemes from words to make new
words
phoneme insertion - ....ANSWER ...-adding a new sound
phoneme substitution - ....ANSWER ...-substitute one phoneme for another to
make a new word
morphology - ....ANSWER ...-study of the structure of words
morphemes - ....ANSWER ...-The smallest units of meaning in a language.
root - ....ANSWER ...-word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a
suffix at the end of the word
affixes - ....ANSWER ...-an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a
root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.
prefixes - ....ANSWER ...-affixes added to the beginning of a word
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
phonetics - ....ANSWER ...-production of speech sounds
phonology - ....ANSWER ...-the study of speech sounds in language
phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-smallest unit of sound
allophones - ....ANSWER ...-Letters or combinations of letters that make the same
sound
phonetic variation - ....ANSWER ...-variation in pronouncing a particular sound
place of articulation - ....ANSWER ...-The position in the mouth where a
consonant sound is produced
manner of articulation - ....ANSWER ...-the extent to which airflow is interrupted
by parts of the mouth in the production of consonant sounds
voicing - ....ANSWER ...-vibration of the vocal folds
reduced vowels - ....ANSWER ...-vowels ➔ ə in an unstressed syllable (pho-TUH-
graph)
schwa - ....ANSWER ...-The vowel sound sometimes heard in an unstressed
syllable and is most often sounded as /uh/ or as the short /u/ sound as in cup.
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
, consonant phonemes - ....ANSWER ...-about 24 of these particular sounds
digraphs - ....ANSWER ...-two letters that represent one speech sound, such as
"ch" for /ch/ in chin or "ea" for /e/ in bread.
Diphthongs - ....ANSWER ...-a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in
a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as
in coin, loud, and side ).
consonant clusters - ....ANSWER ...-group of consonants which have no
intervening vowel, ie. /spl/ + /ts/ for "splits"
phoneme deletion - ....ANSWER ...-removing phonemes from words to make new
words
phoneme insertion - ....ANSWER ...-adding a new sound
phoneme substitution - ....ANSWER ...-substitute one phoneme for another to
make a new word
morphology - ....ANSWER ...-study of the structure of words
morphemes - ....ANSWER ...-The smallest units of meaning in a language.
root - ....ANSWER ...-word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a
suffix at the end of the word
affixes - ....ANSWER ...-an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a
root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.
prefixes - ....ANSWER ...-affixes added to the beginning of a word
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
