NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Review |COMPLETE
AND DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| REAL EXAM QNA | 2025
LATEST UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED |
ALREADY GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - (answer)Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
- (answer)Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following? - (answer)Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for? - (answer)Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - (answer)Answer:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - (answer)Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of:
- (answer)Answer: Gene imprinting
,When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - (answer)Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - (answer)Answer: By
adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: -
(answer)Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - (answer)Answer:
Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
(answer)Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a
short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
(answer)Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - (answer)Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - (answer)Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - (answer)Answer: Delayed age of onset
,A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
(answer)Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - (answer)Answer: Provide growth factor for
tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which
finding will support this diagnosis? - (answer)Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - (answer)Answer:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - (answer)Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport? - (answer)Answer: Symport
0 out of 1 points
A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What
genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? - (answer)Answer: Cri du chat
syndrome
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? -
(answer)Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - (answer)Answer: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
, Rheumatoid Arthritis - (answer)Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - (answer)Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - (answer)Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - (answer)Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - (answer)Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - (answer)Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - (answer)Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - (answer)Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum Iron Concentration - (answer)Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - (answer)Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - (answer)Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - (answer)Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - (answer)Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - (answer)Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
AND DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| REAL EXAM QNA | 2025
LATEST UPDATED 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED |
ALREADY GRADED A+|GUARANTEED TO PASS!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - (answer)Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
- (answer)Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following? - (answer)Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for? - (answer)Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - (answer)Answer:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - (answer)Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of:
- (answer)Answer: Gene imprinting
,When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - (answer)Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - (answer)Answer: By
adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: -
(answer)Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - (answer)Answer:
Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
(answer)Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a
short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
(answer)Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - (answer)Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - (answer)Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - (answer)Answer: Delayed age of onset
,A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
(answer)Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - (answer)Answer: Provide growth factor for
tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which
finding will support this diagnosis? - (answer)Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - (answer)Answer:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - (answer)Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport? - (answer)Answer: Symport
0 out of 1 points
A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What
genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? - (answer)Answer: Cri du chat
syndrome
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? -
(answer)Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - (answer)Answer: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
, Rheumatoid Arthritis - (answer)Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - (answer)Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - (answer)Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - (answer)Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - (answer)Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - (answer)Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - (answer)Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - (answer)Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Serum Iron Concentration - (answer)Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - (answer)Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - (answer)Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - (answer)Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - (answer)Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - (answer)Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
