HCB TEST 2 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1.Health BCare BAssociated BInfections: BHAIs, Balso Bknown Bas BNosocomial
Binfection; Bacquired Bor Boccurring Bin Ba Bhospital
2.Isolation: BA Bseparation Bfor Bthe Bperiod Bof Bcommunicability Bof
Binfected Bpeople Bor Banimals Bfrom Bothers, Bso Bas Bto Bprevent Bor Blimit
Bthe Bdirect Bor Bindirect Btransmission Bof Binfectious Bagent Bfrom Bthose
Bwho Bare Binfected Bto Bthose Bwho Bare Bsusceptible
3.Infection BControl BConcepts: BStandard Bprecautions Bare Bconcepts Bin
Bwhich Ball Bbody Bfluids Bare Bassumed Bto Bbe Binfected Bwith Bblood-
borne Bpathogens
4.Blood-borne BPathogens: BAre Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bare Bpresent Bin
Bhuman Bblood Band Bcan Bcause Bdisease Bin Bhumans B(e.g., BHIV BHep BA,
Band BHep BB)
5.Airborne BPathogens: BAre Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bare Btransported
Bthrough Bthe Bair B(e.g., BTuberculosis)
6.Infectious BAgent B(pathogen): BDisease Bcausing Bmicroorganism.
BCommon Btypes Bof Binfectious Bagents Binclude: Bbacteria, Bviruses,
Bprotozoa, Bfungi Band Bhelminths
7.Bacteria: BSingle Bcell Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bmultiply Brapidly
1 B/
B15
, 8.Viruses: BDNA Band BRNA Bis Bencased Bin Ba Bprotein Bcoating. BViruses
Bcannot Breproduce Boutside Bof Ba Bliving Bhost Bcell
9.Protozoa: BUnicellular Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bcan Binfect Bthe Bblood,
Bbrain, Bintestines Band Bother Bbody Bareas
10.Fungi: BTiny Bprimitive Borganisms, Bthat Bcontain Bno Bchlorophyll
11.Helminthes: BParasitic Bworms Bor Bflukes
12.Reservoir: BA Bplace Bwhere Bthe Bpathogen Bgrows B(e.g., Bpatient,
Bstaff Bmember, Banimal, Bfood) Band Bmay Bor Bmay Bnot Bmultiply
13.Portal Bof BExit: BAn Bexit Broute Bfor Bpathogens Bto Bleave Bits Bhost
B(e.g., Bblood, Bskin, Bmucous Bmembranes, Brespiratory Btract,
Bgenitourinary Btract, Band Bgastrointestinal Btract)
14.Mode Bof BTransmission: BThe Bmanner Bin Bwhich Ban Binfectious Bagent
Bmoves Bfrom Bone Bsource Bto Banother B(e.g., Btouch, Bairborne Bdroplets,
Bmedical Binstruments, Bmosqui- Btoes, Bvermin)
15.Direct BContact: BPerson Bto Bperson Bor Bphysical Bcontact Bbetween
Bsource Band Bsusceptible Bhost B(e.g., Bfecal, Boral)
16.Indirect BContact: BInvolves Bcontact Bwith Bcontaminated Binanimate
Bobjects B(e.g., Bneedles, Butensils, Bhospital Bequipment)
17.Vector BTransmission: BOccurs Bthrough Ba Bbite B(e.g., Bfleas, Bticks,
Bmosquitos)
18.Droplet BInfection: BOccurs Bwhen Bthe Bdroplets Bfrom Ban Binfected
Bperson Bare Bpro- Bjected Ba Bshort Bdistance Bto Bthe Bhost's Bnasal
Bmucosa, Bmouth Bor Bconjunctiva
19.Airborne BTransmission: BOccurs Bwhen Binfectious Bparticles Bdispersed
Bin Bthe Bair Benter Bthe Bhost Bby Binhalation B(e.g., Bcoughing, Bsneezing)
20.Portal Bof BEntry: BPlace Bwhere Ba Bpathogen Benters Bthe Bbody B(e.g.,
Bbreak Bin Bskin, Bmucous Bmembrane, Bmouth, Bnose, Bgenitourinary
Btract)
2 B/
B15
1.Health BCare BAssociated BInfections: BHAIs, Balso Bknown Bas BNosocomial
Binfection; Bacquired Bor Boccurring Bin Ba Bhospital
2.Isolation: BA Bseparation Bfor Bthe Bperiod Bof Bcommunicability Bof
Binfected Bpeople Bor Banimals Bfrom Bothers, Bso Bas Bto Bprevent Bor Blimit
Bthe Bdirect Bor Bindirect Btransmission Bof Binfectious Bagent Bfrom Bthose
Bwho Bare Binfected Bto Bthose Bwho Bare Bsusceptible
3.Infection BControl BConcepts: BStandard Bprecautions Bare Bconcepts Bin
Bwhich Ball Bbody Bfluids Bare Bassumed Bto Bbe Binfected Bwith Bblood-
borne Bpathogens
4.Blood-borne BPathogens: BAre Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bare Bpresent Bin
Bhuman Bblood Band Bcan Bcause Bdisease Bin Bhumans B(e.g., BHIV BHep BA,
Band BHep BB)
5.Airborne BPathogens: BAre Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bare Btransported
Bthrough Bthe Bair B(e.g., BTuberculosis)
6.Infectious BAgent B(pathogen): BDisease Bcausing Bmicroorganism.
BCommon Btypes Bof Binfectious Bagents Binclude: Bbacteria, Bviruses,
Bprotozoa, Bfungi Band Bhelminths
7.Bacteria: BSingle Bcell Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bmultiply Brapidly
1 B/
B15
, 8.Viruses: BDNA Band BRNA Bis Bencased Bin Ba Bprotein Bcoating. BViruses
Bcannot Breproduce Boutside Bof Ba Bliving Bhost Bcell
9.Protozoa: BUnicellular Bmicroorganisms Bthat Bcan Binfect Bthe Bblood,
Bbrain, Bintestines Band Bother Bbody Bareas
10.Fungi: BTiny Bprimitive Borganisms, Bthat Bcontain Bno Bchlorophyll
11.Helminthes: BParasitic Bworms Bor Bflukes
12.Reservoir: BA Bplace Bwhere Bthe Bpathogen Bgrows B(e.g., Bpatient,
Bstaff Bmember, Banimal, Bfood) Band Bmay Bor Bmay Bnot Bmultiply
13.Portal Bof BExit: BAn Bexit Broute Bfor Bpathogens Bto Bleave Bits Bhost
B(e.g., Bblood, Bskin, Bmucous Bmembranes, Brespiratory Btract,
Bgenitourinary Btract, Band Bgastrointestinal Btract)
14.Mode Bof BTransmission: BThe Bmanner Bin Bwhich Ban Binfectious Bagent
Bmoves Bfrom Bone Bsource Bto Banother B(e.g., Btouch, Bairborne Bdroplets,
Bmedical Binstruments, Bmosqui- Btoes, Bvermin)
15.Direct BContact: BPerson Bto Bperson Bor Bphysical Bcontact Bbetween
Bsource Band Bsusceptible Bhost B(e.g., Bfecal, Boral)
16.Indirect BContact: BInvolves Bcontact Bwith Bcontaminated Binanimate
Bobjects B(e.g., Bneedles, Butensils, Bhospital Bequipment)
17.Vector BTransmission: BOccurs Bthrough Ba Bbite B(e.g., Bfleas, Bticks,
Bmosquitos)
18.Droplet BInfection: BOccurs Bwhen Bthe Bdroplets Bfrom Ban Binfected
Bperson Bare Bpro- Bjected Ba Bshort Bdistance Bto Bthe Bhost's Bnasal
Bmucosa, Bmouth Bor Bconjunctiva
19.Airborne BTransmission: BOccurs Bwhen Binfectious Bparticles Bdispersed
Bin Bthe Bair Benter Bthe Bhost Bby Binhalation B(e.g., Bcoughing, Bsneezing)
20.Portal Bof BEntry: BPlace Bwhere Ba Bpathogen Benters Bthe Bbody B(e.g.,
Bbreak Bin Bskin, Bmucous Bmembrane, Bmouth, Bnose, Bgenitourinary
Btract)
2 B/
B15
