BIO22900: March 19, 2025
Intracellular Compartments
and Protein Transport I
• Membrane enclosed organelles:
(Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum)
• Protein sorting
, Halfway There!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
, In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes create
enclosed compartments that segregate different
metabolic processes.
Intestinal epithelial cell Liver cell
• Cytosol contains many metabolic pathways, protein synthesis and cytoskeleton
• Nucleus contains main genome, DNA and RNA synthesis
• Mitochondria ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
• Chloroplasts ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis
, INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTS
Intracellular compartments is a term that describes
ORGANELLES, subcellular structures that are bound by a lipid
bilayer.
The inside of these membrane-bound structures is called
LUMEN. Each organelle is distinct, meaning that is has a
particular function.
The aqueous cellular juice (liquid space) where biochemical
reactions take place and where molecules are dissolved is
called CYTOSOL.
CYTOSOL + ORGANELLES (nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, etc…) = CYTOPLASM
Prokaryotes have no organelles, however, single-celled
eukaryotes such as protozoa and yeast have organelles.
Intracellular Compartments
and Protein Transport I
• Membrane enclosed organelles:
(Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum)
• Protein sorting
, Halfway There!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
, In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes create
enclosed compartments that segregate different
metabolic processes.
Intestinal epithelial cell Liver cell
• Cytosol contains many metabolic pathways, protein synthesis and cytoskeleton
• Nucleus contains main genome, DNA and RNA synthesis
• Mitochondria ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
• Chloroplasts ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis
, INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTS
Intracellular compartments is a term that describes
ORGANELLES, subcellular structures that are bound by a lipid
bilayer.
The inside of these membrane-bound structures is called
LUMEN. Each organelle is distinct, meaning that is has a
particular function.
The aqueous cellular juice (liquid space) where biochemical
reactions take place and where molecules are dissolved is
called CYTOSOL.
CYTOSOL + ORGANELLES (nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, etc…) = CYTOPLASM
Prokaryotes have no organelles, however, single-celled
eukaryotes such as protozoa and yeast have organelles.
