Music 101 Midterm Guide Exam 2025

Hildegard of bingen - -middle medieval () 1st composer Set her music to her own text (no scriptural references) O rubor sanguinis (chant) (monophonic) Leonius - -() early gothic 1st named composer of polyphonic music Began adding an additional voice to the original chant Organum - -earliest form of polyphonic music Perotinus - -() Successor to leonius Revised leonius' work and began adding a second and third voice over original chant Guillame de machant - -notre dame of reims Most important composer of his day... Led a double life: wrote sacred songs for the church and minstril songs for the court Troubadours - -poet-musicians Sang in the vernacular Trobar= to find Beatriz, countess of dia - -married to count william of poitiers In love with raimbant d'orange, a fellow troubadour Wrote a chantar me'er Used a vielle (medieval fiddle) Guillaume dufay - -wrote ce moy de may: -vernacular -metric -dance & song combined - very cheerful - free polyphony Josquin desprez - -() beginning of renaissance 1st composer of renaissance Very temperamental Renaissance motet Wrote ave maria: -imitation (polyphony) -alternates w/chordal writing (homophony) Music 101 Music 101 Music 101 -1st time we've heard imitative polyphony Giovanni palestrina - -() Sistine chapel "savior of church music" Wrote pope marcellus mass -a capella -6 voice parts (sattbb) -all male choir -"gloria" moves mostly in block chords -"agnus dei" uses imitation w/out losing clarity of the text Castrata - -boy soprano Male alto (only fasletto) Counter tenor (falsetto and natural voice) Tenor Baritone Bass Castrato singer - -guys that can sing very high because of a certain procedure they had at a very young age Saved money (choir boys were expensive) Johannes gutenberg - -printing press (c.1440) Spurred rebirth of ancient writings of greece and rome Literacy, music literacy, and protestantism spread quickly Dance music: pavane - -slow, gliding dance in duple meter Dance music: galliard - -fast, leaping dance in triple meter The madrigal - -began in italy 4-5 solo voices Love poem set to music Humanistic ideal that the text is emphasized by the music Word painting Madrigalisms Thomas weelkes - -English organist Composer of madrigals Triumphs of oriana - -collection of songs honoring queen elizabeth Her code name = oriana "as vesta was from latmos hill descending" Music 101 Movements - - 1. Fast 2. Slow 3. Medium 4. Fast Motif (or motive) - -short, distinct musical figure that can stand by itself (short, short, short, long...beethoven's no.5) Tone poem (symphonic poem) - -one movement work or orchestra that tries to capture in music the emotions and events associated with a play, story, or personal experience 3 building blocks of music - - 1. Melody 2. Harmony 3. Rhythm Rhythm - -organization of time in music (16th, 8th, quarter, half, whole notes) Meter - -gathering of beats into regular groupings 1. Duple (one, two) 2. Triple (one, two, three) 3. Quadruple (one, two, three, four) Syncopation - -places the accent either on a weak beat or between beats Tempo - -the speed @ which the beat progress Presto-allegro-moderato-andante-largo Monophony - -one sounding; a single line of music w/no harmony (unison singing) Homophony - -same sounding; multiple line move to new pitches @ roughly the same time (most hymns are this) Polyphony - -many sounding; two or more lines of equal importance moving against eachother Cannon or round - -followers copy exactly what the leader plays or sings Counterpoint - -harmonious opposition of 2 or more independent musical lines Imitative polyphony - -voices or lines frequently use imitation Free counterpoint - -voices are highly independent. They may begin together or begin separately, but then they go their own way Music 101 Music 101 Form - -the arrangement of musical events ment ition ast. tion Theme and variations - -the statement is alte