Who was the first to define caring? correct answers Nightingale
what is the heart of nursing? correct answers caring
Caring correct answers the work or practice of looking after those unable to care for themselves,
especially sick and elderly people
Orem Self-care theory correct answers people should be self-reliant and responsible for their
own care and the care of others in their family
caring domains correct answers physical
Psychological
Interpersonal
social
Benner: Holistic theory correct answers Equates excellent nursing practice with CARING
People, events, projects (things) have importance
Caring means connectedness or involvement
Caring helps patients understand and adjust to illness
Defines health as a state of being: Individualized by one's
Values
Personality
Lifestyle
Treatment for illness is worthless if not applied to the individual
,Leininger: Transcultural theory correct answers Caring is the essence of Nursing - it is a
distinguishing characteristic
Purpose of care is to assist the individual toward improvement in condition
Caring is
Nurturing
Dependent on needs of individual
Must reflect the patient's own culture
No cure without caring but there is caring with out curing
Watson: Theory of human caring (caring science) correct answers Holistic
-Patient, family, environment
Nurses exhibit conscious decision to care
This helps patient toward healing and wholeness
Focus in on cAre, not cUre
-cAring "inner healing" health
Nurse & patient affected by relationship
Swanson: caring has 5 dimensions correct answers Caring is has 5 dimensions
Knowing
Being with
Doing for
Enabling
Maintaing belief
Caring is central to nursing
Theory can be applied to clinical setting
Caring is relational: correct answers Patients value nurse Effectiveness
,Ability to perform tasks
Also value nurse Affect
Attitude or demeanor while performing the tasks
Patients are more willing to participate if they sense that they are cared about
Ethics of care correct answers Protects human dignity
Often perceived as a moral imperative
Requires awareness of potential unequality in relationships
This is due to either real or perceived "power" that patient assigns to the nurse
Knowledge is power
expression of care correct answers Spiritual
-Being aware of & honoring patient's beliefs
Presence
-Being there
Physically present
Demonstrating understanding
Being with
-Sharing oneself
Touch
-Skin-to-skin
-Protective - to prevent injury
Listening
-Taking in patient information
-Interpreting what has been taken in
Eye contact (nonverbal)
Knowing
, -Understanding the client
-Understanding the planned interventions
-Avoid making assumptions
-Focuses on client
metaparadigm correct answers Broadest perspective of a discipline.
Describes most general concepts that concern the profession.
metaparadigm of nursing correct answers Describes concepts that define the discipline of
nursing.
Early 1970s, four concepts
Health correct answers A variety of ways to define - individual specific.
Degree of wellness or illness experienced by the person.
"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity."
Wellness correct answers Many people have adopted a holistic approach to wellness
This approach allows one to achieve wellness for any given limitation or strength.
A measure of our status in each of the dimensions of health.
person correct answers The concept of person refers to the recipient of care.
Views the person as a whole or multidimensional and not just a condition or diagnosis.
dimensions of health correct answers Physical Health
Social Health
Intellectual/Mental Health
Occupational Health