82|LATEST
Chaptera1.aPrimarya Careainthea Twenty-FirstaCentury:aAaCircleaofa Caring
1. Aanurseahasaconductedaaaliteratureareviewainaanaeffortatoaidentifyatheaeffectaofahandwashingaonatheain
cidenceaofanosocomiala(hospital-
acquired)ainfectionsainaacuteacareasettings.aAnaarticleapresentedafindingsaataaalevelaofasignificanceaofa
<0.01.aThisaindicatesathat
A) thecontrolagroupaand theaexperimentalagroupweremoreathan99%asimilar.
pzpz
B) thefindingsaoftheastudyhavealessthana1%chancea ofbeingaattributableatoachance.
C) the effectsaofthe intervention a werenearlyzero.
pzpz pz
D) theclinicalasignificanceaofthefindingsawasalessthana1:100. pz
Ans:aB
Feedback:aThelevelofsignificanceaisthelevelatwhichatheresearcherabelievesathatthestudyresultsamostalikelyr
pz pz pz
resentaaanonchanceaevent.aAalevelaofasignificanceaofa<0.01aindicatesathatathereaisalessathana1%aprobabilityathat a t pz
resultaisadueatoachance.
2. Anursehasreadaqualitativeresearchstudyin ordertounderstandthelivedexperienceofparentsawhoa
pz pz pz pz
haveaaaneonatalaloss.aWhich a ofatheafollowingaquestionsashouldatheanurseaprioritizeawhenaappraisingat
pz
hearesultsaofathisastudy?
A) Howwelladidtheaauthorscaptureathepersonalexperiencesofthesea parents? pz
B) Howwelladidtheaauthorscontrolforaconfoundingvariablesathatmayahavea affectedathefindings?
C) Did thea authorsusestatisticalmeasuresa that werea appropriate tothephenomenona ina question?
pzpz pzpz pz
D) Weretheinstrumentsthatthea researchersa usedstatisticallyvalidaandreliable?
pz pz pz pzpz
Ans:aA
Feedback:aQualitativeastudiesaareajudgedaonatheabasisaofahowawellatheyacaptureaandaconveyatheasu
bjectiveaexperiencesaofaindividuals.aStatisticalameasuresaandavariablesaareanotadimensionsaofaaaqua
litativeamethodology.
3. Anursehasexpressedskepticismtoacolleagueaboutthevalueofnursingresearch,claimingthatan
pz pz pz pz
ursingaresearchahasalittlearelevanceatoapractice.aHowacanatheanursesacolleagueabestadefendatheaim
portanceaofanursingaresearch?
,A) Theexistenceofnursingresearchmeansthatnursesarenowabletoaccessfederalgrantmoney,a s
pz pz pz pz pz pzz pz pzz pz
omethingathatadidntauseatoabeatheacase.
B) Nursingresearchhasallowedthedevelopmentofmastersanddoctoralprogramsandhasgreatlya
pz pz pz pz
increasedatheacredibilityaofatheaprofession.
C) Thegrowthofnursingresearchhascausednursingtobeviewedasatrueprofession,ratherthanasimplya
pz pz pz pz pz
asaaatradeaoraaaskill.
D) Theapplicationofnursingresearchhasthepotentialtoimprovenursingpracticeandpatient
pz pz pz pz pz
aoutcomes.
Ans:aD
Feedback:aTheagreatest a valueaofanursingaresearchaliesainatheapotentialatoaimproveapracticeaand,aultimately,toim
pz
ovepatientoutcomes.Thissupersedesthecontributionsofnursingresearchtoaeducationaprograms,agrantafundin
pz pz pz pz pz
oratheapublicaviewaofatheaprofession.
4. Tracyisanursewithabaccalaureateadegreeawhoaworksain thealaboraandadeliveryunitaofaa a busyaurba pzpz pz
nhospital.Shehasnoticedthatmanynewmothersaabandon abreast- pz
feedingtheirbabieswhenatheyaexperienceaearlyachallengesaandawondersawhatacouldabeadoneatoaenco
urageamoreawomenatoacontinueabreast-
feeding.aWhataroleaisaTracyamost a likelyatoaplayainaaaresearchaprojectathatatestsaanainterventionaaimed
pz
aatapromotingabreast-feeding?
A) Applyingforgranta fundingafortheresearcha project
B) Posing thea clinicala problemtooneaormore nursing a researchers
pzpz pz
C) Planningthemethodologyaoftheresearcha project
pz
D) Carryingouttheinterventionandasubmittingtheresultsforpublicationa
pzz pzpz pz pzpz
Ans:aB
Feedback:aAamajoraroleaforastaffanursesaisatoaidentifyaquestionsaoraproblemsaforaresearch.aGrantaap
plications,amethodologicalaplanning,aandapublicationasubmissionaareanormallyacarriedaoutabyanur
sesawhoahaveaadvancedadegreesain a nursing. pz
5. Aapatientasignedatheainformedaconsentaformaforaaadrugatrialathatawasaexplainedatoapatient a byaare pz
searchaassistant.aLater,atheapatient a admittedatoahisanurseathat a headid a notaunderstandathearesearchaas
pz pz pz
sistantsexplanationaorhisaownaroleinatheastudy.aHowshouldathisapatientsanursearespondatoathisarev
pzz
elation?
A) Explainthe researchprocesstoathepatient aingreatera detail.
pz pz pz
B) Describethedetailsaofaarandomized a controlledtrialafortheapatient. pz pz
,C) Informthearesearcha assistant thatathe patients consent a islikelyinvalid. pz pzz pz
D) Explaintothea patientthatahiswrittenaconsent isanowlegallybinding.
pz pz pzpz
Ans:aC
Feedback:aJustaasatheastaffanurseaisanotaresponsibleaforamedicalaconsent,atheastaffanurseaisanotaresponsiblea
foraresearch a consent.aIfapatientsawhoahaveaagreedatoaparticipateaexhibitaambivalenceaorauncertaintyabout
pz
aparticipating,adoanotatrytoaconvinceathematoaparticipate.aAskatheapersonafromathearesearchteamwhoisma pz pz
nagingconsentstospeakwithconcernedpatientsaboutthestudy,evenafteraaapatientahasasignedatheaconse
pzpz pz pz pzpz pzpz pz
nt a forms.
pz
MultipleSelection
6. Aanursealeaderaisaattemptingatoaincreaseatheaawarenessaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)aamongathenursesonaunit.AnursewhoisimplementingEBPintegrateswhichoft pz pz pzpz pzpz pzpz
hefollowing?(Select allathataapply.)
pz pzpz
A) Interdisciplinarya consensus
B) Nursingtradition pzpz
C) Researchstudies pz
D) Patientpreferencesandvalues pz pz
E) Clinicalexpertise
aAns:aC,aD,aE
Feedback:aFineout-Overholt,aMelnyk,aStillwell,aandaWilliamsonadefineaEBPaasaaaproblem-
solvingaapproachtothedeliveryofhealthcarethatintegratesthebestevidencefromstudiesandpatientcar
eadataawithaclinicianaexpertiseaand a patientapreferencesaandavalues. pz
MultipleChoice
7. Mrs.aMayesaisaaa73-year-
oldawoman a whoahasaaadiabeticafootaulcerathat a hasabeen a extremelyslowatoahealaandawhich a nowaposesaaat
pz pz pz pz
hreataofaosteomyelitis.aTheawoundacareanurseawhoahasabeenaworkingawithaMrs.Mayesappliesevidence-
based apractice(EBP)wheneverpossibleandhasproposedtheuseaofamaggotatherapyatoadebrideanecroticat
pz pzp pzpz
issue.aMrs.aMayes,ahowever,afindsatheasuggestionarepugnantaandaadamantlyopposesathisatreatmentades
pite thesizableabodyofevidencesupportingit.aHowshouldatheanurseareconcileaMrs.aMayesaviewsawithat
pz pzz pz pz
heaprinciplesaofaEBP?
A) Thenurseshouldaexplainthatreliablea andvalid a researcha evidenceoverridesatheapatientsa opinion.
pz pz pz pz
B) Thenursea shoulda explain t heaevidencetotheapatienta ingreatera detail. pzpz
, C) The nurseashouldintegratetheapatientspreferencesaintotheplanaofcare.
pzpz pzz
D) Thenurseshould a involvetheapatientsfamilymembersin a the decision-makinga process.
pz pzpz
Ans:aC
Feedback:aPatientapreferencesashouldabeaintegratedaintoaEBPaandaconsidered a alongsidearesearchae pz
videnceandtheanursesclinicalaexpertise;aevidenceadoesanottrumptheapatientsapreferences.aTheafa
milyshouldabeainvolved,abutathisisnot aanaexplicitadimensionaofEBP.aSimilarly,aexplainingatheaevi pz
denceainamoreadetailaisanotaa a demonstrationaofaEBP. pz
8. Theaadministratorsaofaaalong-termacareafacilityaareaconsidered a theauseaofaspecialized,apressure- pz
areducingmattressesinordertoreducetheincidenceofpressureulcersamongresidents.Theyhaveaso
pz pz pz pz
ughtainputafromatheanursesaonatheaunit,aallaofawhomaareaawareaofatheaneedatoaimplementatheaprinci
plesaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)ainathisadecision.aWhichaofatheafollowing a evidenceasourcesashouldatheanurs pz
esaprioritize?
A) Aqualitativeastudythataexplorestheaexperienceoflivingwithaapressureaulcer
B) Acasestudythatdescribesthemeasuresthata nursesonageriatricunittooktoreducepressureaulcersa
pz pz pz pzpz
amongapatients
C) Testimonialsfromexperienced cliniciansabout atheeffectivenessaofthemattressinquestion pz pz pz
D) Arandomizedcontrolledtrialthatcomparedthepressure-
pz pz pz pz pz
reducingmattresswithstandarda mattresses
pz pz
Ans:aD
Feedback:ThemostreliableevidenceisconsideredRCTs.Qualitativestudies,casestudies,andaexperta
pz pz pz pz
opinionaarealowaonatheahierarchyaofaevidence.
9. Hospitalaadministratorsaareaapplyingatheaprinciplesaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)ainatheiraattempttoascertainthemostefficientandeffectivewaytocommunic pz pz pz pz pz pz
atebetweennurseswhoareonadifferentaunits,aaaprojectathat a willaconsideramanyatypesaofaevidenc
pz pz pz pz pz
e.aWhich a ofatheafollowingainformationasourcesashouldatheaadministratorsaprioritize?
pz
A) Asystematicreviewabout a communication a inanursingacontexts pz p
B) Nursesideasaboutcommunicationamethods pz pz
C) Thearesultsofaaachartareview
D) Thehospitalsaccreditationstatusa
Ans:aA
Chaptera1.aPrimarya Careainthea Twenty-FirstaCentury:aAaCircleaofa Caring
1. Aanurseahasaconductedaaaliteratureareviewainaanaeffortatoaidentifyatheaeffectaofahandwashingaonatheain
cidenceaofanosocomiala(hospital-
acquired)ainfectionsainaacuteacareasettings.aAnaarticleapresentedafindingsaataaalevelaofasignificanceaofa
<0.01.aThisaindicatesathat
A) thecontrolagroupaand theaexperimentalagroupweremoreathan99%asimilar.
pzpz
B) thefindingsaoftheastudyhavealessthana1%chancea ofbeingaattributableatoachance.
C) the effectsaofthe intervention a werenearlyzero.
pzpz pz
D) theclinicalasignificanceaofthefindingsawasalessthana1:100. pz
Ans:aB
Feedback:aThelevelofsignificanceaisthelevelatwhichatheresearcherabelievesathatthestudyresultsamostalikelyr
pz pz pz
resentaaanonchanceaevent.aAalevelaofasignificanceaofa<0.01aindicatesathatathereaisalessathana1%aprobabilityathat a t pz
resultaisadueatoachance.
2. Anursehasreadaqualitativeresearchstudyin ordertounderstandthelivedexperienceofparentsawhoa
pz pz pz pz
haveaaaneonatalaloss.aWhich a ofatheafollowingaquestionsashouldatheanurseaprioritizeawhenaappraisingat
pz
hearesultsaofathisastudy?
A) Howwelladidtheaauthorscaptureathepersonalexperiencesofthesea parents? pz
B) Howwelladidtheaauthorscontrolforaconfoundingvariablesathatmayahavea affectedathefindings?
C) Did thea authorsusestatisticalmeasuresa that werea appropriate tothephenomenona ina question?
pzpz pzpz pz
D) Weretheinstrumentsthatthea researchersa usedstatisticallyvalidaandreliable?
pz pz pz pzpz
Ans:aA
Feedback:aQualitativeastudiesaareajudgedaonatheabasisaofahowawellatheyacaptureaandaconveyatheasu
bjectiveaexperiencesaofaindividuals.aStatisticalameasuresaandavariablesaareanotadimensionsaofaaaqua
litativeamethodology.
3. Anursehasexpressedskepticismtoacolleagueaboutthevalueofnursingresearch,claimingthatan
pz pz pz pz
ursingaresearchahasalittlearelevanceatoapractice.aHowacanatheanursesacolleagueabestadefendatheaim
portanceaofanursingaresearch?
,A) Theexistenceofnursingresearchmeansthatnursesarenowabletoaccessfederalgrantmoney,a s
pz pz pz pz pz pzz pz pzz pz
omethingathatadidntauseatoabeatheacase.
B) Nursingresearchhasallowedthedevelopmentofmastersanddoctoralprogramsandhasgreatlya
pz pz pz pz
increasedatheacredibilityaofatheaprofession.
C) Thegrowthofnursingresearchhascausednursingtobeviewedasatrueprofession,ratherthanasimplya
pz pz pz pz pz
asaaatradeaoraaaskill.
D) Theapplicationofnursingresearchhasthepotentialtoimprovenursingpracticeandpatient
pz pz pz pz pz
aoutcomes.
Ans:aD
Feedback:aTheagreatest a valueaofanursingaresearchaliesainatheapotentialatoaimproveapracticeaand,aultimately,toim
pz
ovepatientoutcomes.Thissupersedesthecontributionsofnursingresearchtoaeducationaprograms,agrantafundin
pz pz pz pz pz
oratheapublicaviewaofatheaprofession.
4. Tracyisanursewithabaccalaureateadegreeawhoaworksain thealaboraandadeliveryunitaofaa a busyaurba pzpz pz
nhospital.Shehasnoticedthatmanynewmothersaabandon abreast- pz
feedingtheirbabieswhenatheyaexperienceaearlyachallengesaandawondersawhatacouldabeadoneatoaenco
urageamoreawomenatoacontinueabreast-
feeding.aWhataroleaisaTracyamost a likelyatoaplayainaaaresearchaprojectathatatestsaanainterventionaaimed
pz
aatapromotingabreast-feeding?
A) Applyingforgranta fundingafortheresearcha project
B) Posing thea clinicala problemtooneaormore nursing a researchers
pzpz pz
C) Planningthemethodologyaoftheresearcha project
pz
D) Carryingouttheinterventionandasubmittingtheresultsforpublicationa
pzz pzpz pz pzpz
Ans:aB
Feedback:aAamajoraroleaforastaffanursesaisatoaidentifyaquestionsaoraproblemsaforaresearch.aGrantaap
plications,amethodologicalaplanning,aandapublicationasubmissionaareanormallyacarriedaoutabyanur
sesawhoahaveaadvancedadegreesain a nursing. pz
5. Aapatientasignedatheainformedaconsentaformaforaaadrugatrialathatawasaexplainedatoapatient a byaare pz
searchaassistant.aLater,atheapatient a admittedatoahisanurseathat a headid a notaunderstandathearesearchaas
pz pz pz
sistantsexplanationaorhisaownaroleinatheastudy.aHowshouldathisapatientsanursearespondatoathisarev
pzz
elation?
A) Explainthe researchprocesstoathepatient aingreatera detail.
pz pz pz
B) Describethedetailsaofaarandomized a controlledtrialafortheapatient. pz pz
,C) Informthearesearcha assistant thatathe patients consent a islikelyinvalid. pz pzz pz
D) Explaintothea patientthatahiswrittenaconsent isanowlegallybinding.
pz pz pzpz
Ans:aC
Feedback:aJustaasatheastaffanurseaisanotaresponsibleaforamedicalaconsent,atheastaffanurseaisanotaresponsiblea
foraresearch a consent.aIfapatientsawhoahaveaagreedatoaparticipateaexhibitaambivalenceaorauncertaintyabout
pz
aparticipating,adoanotatrytoaconvinceathematoaparticipate.aAskatheapersonafromathearesearchteamwhoisma pz pz
nagingconsentstospeakwithconcernedpatientsaboutthestudy,evenafteraaapatientahasasignedatheaconse
pzpz pz pz pzpz pzpz pz
nt a forms.
pz
MultipleSelection
6. Aanursealeaderaisaattemptingatoaincreaseatheaawarenessaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)aamongathenursesonaunit.AnursewhoisimplementingEBPintegrateswhichoft pz pz pzpz pzpz pzpz
hefollowing?(Select allathataapply.)
pz pzpz
A) Interdisciplinarya consensus
B) Nursingtradition pzpz
C) Researchstudies pz
D) Patientpreferencesandvalues pz pz
E) Clinicalexpertise
aAns:aC,aD,aE
Feedback:aFineout-Overholt,aMelnyk,aStillwell,aandaWilliamsonadefineaEBPaasaaaproblem-
solvingaapproachtothedeliveryofhealthcarethatintegratesthebestevidencefromstudiesandpatientcar
eadataawithaclinicianaexpertiseaand a patientapreferencesaandavalues. pz
MultipleChoice
7. Mrs.aMayesaisaaa73-year-
oldawoman a whoahasaaadiabeticafootaulcerathat a hasabeen a extremelyslowatoahealaandawhich a nowaposesaaat
pz pz pz pz
hreataofaosteomyelitis.aTheawoundacareanurseawhoahasabeenaworkingawithaMrs.Mayesappliesevidence-
based apractice(EBP)wheneverpossibleandhasproposedtheuseaofamaggotatherapyatoadebrideanecroticat
pz pzp pzpz
issue.aMrs.aMayes,ahowever,afindsatheasuggestionarepugnantaandaadamantlyopposesathisatreatmentades
pite thesizableabodyofevidencesupportingit.aHowshouldatheanurseareconcileaMrs.aMayesaviewsawithat
pz pzz pz pz
heaprinciplesaofaEBP?
A) Thenurseshouldaexplainthatreliablea andvalid a researcha evidenceoverridesatheapatientsa opinion.
pz pz pz pz
B) Thenursea shoulda explain t heaevidencetotheapatienta ingreatera detail. pzpz
, C) The nurseashouldintegratetheapatientspreferencesaintotheplanaofcare.
pzpz pzz
D) Thenurseshould a involvetheapatientsfamilymembersin a the decision-makinga process.
pz pzpz
Ans:aC
Feedback:aPatientapreferencesashouldabeaintegratedaintoaEBPaandaconsidered a alongsidearesearchae pz
videnceandtheanursesclinicalaexpertise;aevidenceadoesanottrumptheapatientsapreferences.aTheafa
milyshouldabeainvolved,abutathisisnot aanaexplicitadimensionaofEBP.aSimilarly,aexplainingatheaevi pz
denceainamoreadetailaisanotaa a demonstrationaofaEBP. pz
8. Theaadministratorsaofaaalong-termacareafacilityaareaconsidered a theauseaofaspecialized,apressure- pz
areducingmattressesinordertoreducetheincidenceofpressureulcersamongresidents.Theyhaveaso
pz pz pz pz
ughtainputafromatheanursesaonatheaunit,aallaofawhomaareaawareaofatheaneedatoaimplementatheaprinci
plesaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)ainathisadecision.aWhichaofatheafollowing a evidenceasourcesashouldatheanurs pz
esaprioritize?
A) Aqualitativeastudythataexplorestheaexperienceoflivingwithaapressureaulcer
B) Acasestudythatdescribesthemeasuresthata nursesonageriatricunittooktoreducepressureaulcersa
pz pz pz pzpz
amongapatients
C) Testimonialsfromexperienced cliniciansabout atheeffectivenessaofthemattressinquestion pz pz pz
D) Arandomizedcontrolledtrialthatcomparedthepressure-
pz pz pz pz pz
reducingmattresswithstandarda mattresses
pz pz
Ans:aD
Feedback:ThemostreliableevidenceisconsideredRCTs.Qualitativestudies,casestudies,andaexperta
pz pz pz pz
opinionaarealowaonatheahierarchyaofaevidence.
9. Hospitalaadministratorsaareaapplyingatheaprinciplesaofaevidence-
basedapracticea(EBP)ainatheiraattempttoascertainthemostefficientandeffectivewaytocommunic pz pz pz pz pz pz
atebetweennurseswhoareonadifferentaunits,aaaprojectathat a willaconsideramanyatypesaofaevidenc
pz pz pz pz pz
e.aWhich a ofatheafollowingainformationasourcesashouldatheaadministratorsaprioritize?
pz
A) Asystematicreviewabout a communication a inanursingacontexts pz p
B) Nursesideasaboutcommunicationamethods pz pz
C) Thearesultsofaaachartareview
D) Thehospitalsaccreditationstatusa
Ans:aA
