QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Reporting/Detection of crime includes - ANS Proactive: 10% or less of all crime
Reactive: 90% or more of all crime
Reaction most often to citizen complaint
Probable cause - ANS Reasonable belief crime has been committed, and person committed
it/reasons to believe that person has committed crime. MUST HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE IN
ORDER TO MAKE AN ARREST!
Bail (after custody) - ANS - Known as pre-trail release
- Types of bail: O.R Own recognizance; cash bail (most serious bail)
- Federal system - pre-trial, release agency
1 COPYRIGHT © 2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Arraignment - ANS Within 48hrs after arrest (excludes weekends, holidays)
Formal charge - ANS Permission to go to trial. If there is no formal charge, so no trial
How to get formal charge? - ANS Preliminary hearing, Grand jury
Probable cause is necessary for both charges
Preliminary hearing (most common way) - ANS Adversarial system involving prosecuting
attorney, defense attorney and judge
Grand jury (every several charges have to go through the grand jury) - ANS Non adversarial
system involving citizen jurors: arrest all the drug dealers at the same time; get out of the hook
Trial - ANS - Bifurcated: guilt phase, sentencing phase
- Jury trial: typically 12 jurors
- Unanimous verdict needed for conviction
- Bench trial: no jury, judge only
2 COPYRIGHT © 2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED