CSO: GI || QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS!!
The _____ processes food to provide energy and nutrients for life. It also is an essential
component of the immune system and helps manage fluids and electrolyte status. correct
answers gastrointestinal tract
Digestion beings in the ____, which prepares food to travel down the ___ to the ___. Along
the way, nutrients are sent to the ___ for further processing or storage and the ____ provides
bile, which is essential for ___ and ___. The final steps of digestion occur in the ___, which
reabsorbs ___, ____, and ____ while preparing ___. correct answers mouth; esophagus to the
stomach; liver; gall bladder; fat digestion and absorption; colon; fluid, electrolytes and some
minerals; waste for excretion
Across the diversity of GI cancers, one similarity is clear; ______ correct answers early
symptoms are often vague and diagnoses are frequently delayed until cancers are well
advanced, thus placing patients at nutritional risk
Subsequent treatment of GI cancers can further impact the very structures involved in ____
and ____ correct answers digestion and absorption of nutrients
Surgical intervention for GI cancers can ___________, while systemic (chemotherapy and
biotherapy) and/or site-specific (radiation) treatment modalities disproportionally impact the
___________. correct answers permanently alter the geography of the GI tract; impact the
rapidly dividing cells that compromise the digestive system
____ and ___ are digested and absorbed across the GI mucosa. correct answers macro- and
micronutrients
The _____ is a fist sized muscular organ that receives food via the esophagus, expanding in
size to accommodate the volume. correct answers stomach
Acid secreted by cells in the gastric walls helps _____, releases _____ , and provides _____.
correct answers break down food, vitamin B12 from food; protection against bacterial
contamination
Food is blended and liquified in the ____; after particles of food are reduced to <1-2 mm in
size, the resulting soup, called ___, is emptied out gradually through the ____ and into the
____, which is the first section of the small intestines. correct answers stomach; chime;
pyloric sphincter; duodenum
The contents of the ____ and ___ trigger feedback mechanisms that control appetite and also
affect the pace of stomach emptying into the small bowel. correct answers stomach and
duodenum
Gastric cancer is the ____ leading cause of death in the US correct answers 7th
Majority of gastric cancers (___-__%) are _____, but etiology and treatment are determined
by ____. correct answers 90-95%; adenocarcinomas; location
, Inflammatory changes related to infection with ____ is believed to be the leading cause of
gastric cancers, especially in the ____. correct answers helicobacter pylori (H. pylori); distal
stomach
Hereditary cancer syndromes also are linked to the development of gastric cancer. These
include: correct answers Lynche Syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Li-
Frameni Syndrome, and BRAC1 and BRAC2 mutations.
Cancers of the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) and proximal (cardia) stomach share risk
factors with _____cancer and are treated similarly. correct answers esophageal
Gastric cancers most frequently metastasize to the ___, ___, or __ correct answers liver, lung,
or bone
Other rare forms of gastric cancers include: correct answers lymphomas, leiomyosarcoma,
and GI stromal tumors (GIST)
Gastric cancer is more common in ___ than ____ and there is higher incidence of gastric
cancer in ____ correct answers men; women; minorities (specifically Hispanic americans,
African Americans, and Asian Americans
____, ___, ____, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ____ are common symptoms of gastric cancer.
Additional symptoms include: correct answers early satiety, heartburn/indigestion, abdominal
pain and discomfort, nausea, vomiting with or without blood, anorexia, unintended weight
loss
Additional symptoms include unexplained anemia related to impaired iron absorption and
GERD
Why are symptoms of GI cancers sometimes initially ignored? correct answers because they
are associated with a variety of other conditions
Symptoms of GI cancers can lead to ____, why my particularly explain why ____ and ___
occur in >70% of people diagnosed with gastric cancer. correct answers reduced food intake;
malnutrition; weight loss
Treatment regimens for GI cancers can result in nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) such as
___, ___, ___, and ____, which can lead to extremely limited intake and rapid, unintended
weight loss. correct answers anorexia, nausea, vomiting, gastric pain
Surgical resections of gastric tumors can be ___ or ___ and may be ____ or ___ correct
answers partial or total; curative or palliative
Types of partial gastrectomies include: correct answers Billroth I (gastroduodenostomy),
Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy), partial gastric resection, and Rouex-en-Y procedure
Recovery from GI surgery can be extended, thus _____ are often placed at the time of
surgery for nutrition support during ____. correct answers feeding tubes; the transition to oral
feedings
SOLUTIONS!!
The _____ processes food to provide energy and nutrients for life. It also is an essential
component of the immune system and helps manage fluids and electrolyte status. correct
answers gastrointestinal tract
Digestion beings in the ____, which prepares food to travel down the ___ to the ___. Along
the way, nutrients are sent to the ___ for further processing or storage and the ____ provides
bile, which is essential for ___ and ___. The final steps of digestion occur in the ___, which
reabsorbs ___, ____, and ____ while preparing ___. correct answers mouth; esophagus to the
stomach; liver; gall bladder; fat digestion and absorption; colon; fluid, electrolytes and some
minerals; waste for excretion
Across the diversity of GI cancers, one similarity is clear; ______ correct answers early
symptoms are often vague and diagnoses are frequently delayed until cancers are well
advanced, thus placing patients at nutritional risk
Subsequent treatment of GI cancers can further impact the very structures involved in ____
and ____ correct answers digestion and absorption of nutrients
Surgical intervention for GI cancers can ___________, while systemic (chemotherapy and
biotherapy) and/or site-specific (radiation) treatment modalities disproportionally impact the
___________. correct answers permanently alter the geography of the GI tract; impact the
rapidly dividing cells that compromise the digestive system
____ and ___ are digested and absorbed across the GI mucosa. correct answers macro- and
micronutrients
The _____ is a fist sized muscular organ that receives food via the esophagus, expanding in
size to accommodate the volume. correct answers stomach
Acid secreted by cells in the gastric walls helps _____, releases _____ , and provides _____.
correct answers break down food, vitamin B12 from food; protection against bacterial
contamination
Food is blended and liquified in the ____; after particles of food are reduced to <1-2 mm in
size, the resulting soup, called ___, is emptied out gradually through the ____ and into the
____, which is the first section of the small intestines. correct answers stomach; chime;
pyloric sphincter; duodenum
The contents of the ____ and ___ trigger feedback mechanisms that control appetite and also
affect the pace of stomach emptying into the small bowel. correct answers stomach and
duodenum
Gastric cancer is the ____ leading cause of death in the US correct answers 7th
Majority of gastric cancers (___-__%) are _____, but etiology and treatment are determined
by ____. correct answers 90-95%; adenocarcinomas; location
, Inflammatory changes related to infection with ____ is believed to be the leading cause of
gastric cancers, especially in the ____. correct answers helicobacter pylori (H. pylori); distal
stomach
Hereditary cancer syndromes also are linked to the development of gastric cancer. These
include: correct answers Lynche Syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Li-
Frameni Syndrome, and BRAC1 and BRAC2 mutations.
Cancers of the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) and proximal (cardia) stomach share risk
factors with _____cancer and are treated similarly. correct answers esophageal
Gastric cancers most frequently metastasize to the ___, ___, or __ correct answers liver, lung,
or bone
Other rare forms of gastric cancers include: correct answers lymphomas, leiomyosarcoma,
and GI stromal tumors (GIST)
Gastric cancer is more common in ___ than ____ and there is higher incidence of gastric
cancer in ____ correct answers men; women; minorities (specifically Hispanic americans,
African Americans, and Asian Americans
____, ___, ____, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ____ are common symptoms of gastric cancer.
Additional symptoms include: correct answers early satiety, heartburn/indigestion, abdominal
pain and discomfort, nausea, vomiting with or without blood, anorexia, unintended weight
loss
Additional symptoms include unexplained anemia related to impaired iron absorption and
GERD
Why are symptoms of GI cancers sometimes initially ignored? correct answers because they
are associated with a variety of other conditions
Symptoms of GI cancers can lead to ____, why my particularly explain why ____ and ___
occur in >70% of people diagnosed with gastric cancer. correct answers reduced food intake;
malnutrition; weight loss
Treatment regimens for GI cancers can result in nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) such as
___, ___, ___, and ____, which can lead to extremely limited intake and rapid, unintended
weight loss. correct answers anorexia, nausea, vomiting, gastric pain
Surgical resections of gastric tumors can be ___ or ___ and may be ____ or ___ correct
answers partial or total; curative or palliative
Types of partial gastrectomies include: correct answers Billroth I (gastroduodenostomy),
Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy), partial gastric resection, and Rouex-en-Y procedure
Recovery from GI surgery can be extended, thus _____ are often placed at the time of
surgery for nutrition support during ____. correct answers feeding tubes; the transition to oral
feedings
