NURS8024 PHARM EXAM 1 ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

NURS8024 PHARM EXAM 1 ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - Answer -*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - Answer -*the activation of protein kinases, which in turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - Answer -histamine receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and somatostatin diminish - Answer -gastric acid production Antacids - Answer -weak bases that react with gastric acid to form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH 4Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability, and price Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether the stomach is full or empty • food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react Therapeutic uses of antacids - Answer -• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) • May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric ulcers • Calcium carbonate preparations • also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis Commonly used antacid drugs - Answer -Classes • Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids • Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer • Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel • Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia • Combination products• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta) • Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate (Gaviscon) Adverse effects of antacids - Answer -• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating • Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea • Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia • Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis