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1 of 90
Definition
- reversible obstructive lung disease, inflammation and increased
reactivity of smooth muscle airways to various stimuli
- extrinsic (allergic)
- intrinsic (nonallergic)
- adult-onset, exercise induced, occupational
Etiology: genetic, air pollution, environmental exposures (pollen,
mold, dust)
Clinical Features:
,- Chest tightness
- wheezing on expiration
- cough
- dyspnea
Pathogenesis:
- Acute inflammatory response
- bronchial smooth muscle contraction
- increased vascular permeability
- edema
- thick mucus production
- impaired mucocilliary function
Treatment: avoid environmental triggers, long-term and quick-
relief medications including bronchodilators and corticosteroids
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COPD: Asthma Laryngeal cancer
Cystic fibrosis hypoxic hypoxia
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, 2 of 90
Definition
40 mmHg
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venous PO2 arterial Po2
venous Pco2 venous Ph
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3 of 90
Term
Active breathing expiration muscles
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- Scoliosis
- Kyphosis - internal intercostals
- Obesity - abdominals
- Pleurisy - quadratus lumborum
- Rib fracture
rupture of apical pleural blebs; no
underlying lung disease
, passive recoil of lungs, rib cage, - common in smokers
and diaphragm
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4 of 90
Definition
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Normal volume-time curve Residual volume
obstructive lung disease obstructive sleep apnea
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5 of 90
Definition
a heterogeneous lung condition that causes persistent airflow
obstruction, characterized by:
- chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, expectoration of
mucus/sputum)