,Name Clas Dat
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
Multiple Choice
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as .
a. innately good
b. innately evil
c. a tabula rasa
d. a genetic product
ANSWER: b
2. John Locke is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. Children are indifferent to their surroundings.
ANSWER: c
3. Differentiate between John Locke's writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children were innately evil.
b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the expression of natural impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants, Rousseau believed that
children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology, Rousseau believed in the
modern views of developmental psychology.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child per family.
ANSWER: c
5. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
b. Children were married younger than during previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANSWER: a
6. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. lasted throughout the Industrial Revolution but gradually declined through the 20th century.
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.
ANSWER: b
7. The purpose of the first standardized intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children who were at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson's school of behaviorism and John Locke's concept of tabula
rasa?
a. Both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one's development.
b. Both suggest that one's genetic endowment determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. Both suggest that experience determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. Both emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANSWER: c
9. Which aof athe afollowing aperspectives aof achild adevelopment ais aArnold aGesell acredited awith?
a. Biological amaturation aof achildren
b. The ainherent agoodness aof achildren
c. The ainherently aflawed anature aof achildren
d. Environment ainfluences aof achildren
ANSWER: a
10. The apsychosexual atheory aof adevelopment ais asimilar ato athe apsychosocial atheory aof adevelopment ain athat:
a. both atheories aassert athat ahuman adevelopment ais aa acontinuous, alifelong aprocess awith alittle aor ano agaps.
b. both atheories asuggest athat aa achild's aexperiences aduring aearly astages aaffect athe achild's aemotional aand
asocial alife aat athe atime aand alater aon.
c. both atheories abelieve athat aa achild aor aadult's abehavior ais alearned.
d. both atheories asuggest athat aadaptation aand anatural aselection aare aconnected awith abehavior.
ANSWER: b
11. According ato aFreud, awhich aaspect aof aour apersonality ais apresent aat abirth?
a. The asuperego
b. The aid
c. The aego
d. The aarchetype
ANSWER: b
12. Which aof athe afollowing ais aa asimilarity abetween aFreud's aand aErikson's apsychoanalytic atheories?
a. Both aare atypes aof astage atheories.
b. Both aare aexclusively anature atheories.
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
c. Both aare aexclusively anurture atheories
d. Both aare aquantitative atheories.
ANSWER: a
13. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof athe aego aaccording ato aFreud?
a. It ais abiologically abased aand apresent aat abirth.
b. It ais adriven aby athe aquest afor apleasure.
c. It aforces aus ato afollow arules aand aacts aas aa amoral abase.
d. It amakes aplans athat aare asocially aappropriate.
ANSWER: d
14. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof afixation ain athe aoral astage?
a. It aoccurs abecause aof abeing atoilet atrained atoo astrictly.
b. It aoccurs abecause aof abeing aweaned atoo aearly aor abreast-fed afor atoo along.
c. It aoccurs abecause aof aconcentrating aon aschool awork afor atoo along.
d. It aoccurs abecause aof aplaying awith achildren aof athe aopposite agender atoo aoften.
ANSWER: b
15. Natalia ais aa agrown awoman awho astill asucks aher athumb. aHer aco-workers anotice aher abehavior abut aare atoo apolite
ato amention ait. aAccording ato aFreud, aNatalia ais afixated aat athe of adevelopment.
a. anal astage
b. oral astage
c. phallic astage
d. genital astage
ANSWER: b
16. Which aof athe afollowing afactors aplays aa arole ain afixation aduring athe aanal astage aof adevelopment?
a. Strict atoilet atraining
b. Excessive abreast afeeding
c. Excess awork aload ain aschool
d. Interaction awith aopposite-sex achildren
ANSWER: a
17. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof aFreud's alegacy afor afuture athinkers?
a. His afocus aon athe ascientific amethod ahas aled ato astronger aways aof astudying ahuman adevelopment.
b. His aemphasis aon aevolutionary achanges ahas aled ato afurther aresearch aon abehavioral achanges ain aeach ageneration.
c. His afocus aon athe aimportance aof agenetics ahas aled ato amodern aresearchers aunderstanding ahow
agenetics aand aenvironment aintersect.
d. His aemphasis aon athe aemotional aneeds aof achildren ahas ainfluenced ahow aeducators aunderstand
achildren’s abehaviors.
ANSWER: d
18. According ato aErikson, awhich aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof aearly aexperiences?
a. They aare amore achallenging athan alater aexperiences.
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: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
Multiple Choice
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as .
a. innately good
b. innately evil
c. a tabula rasa
d. a genetic product
ANSWER: b
2. John Locke is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. Children are indifferent to their surroundings.
ANSWER: c
3. Differentiate between John Locke's writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children were innately evil.
b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the expression of natural impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants, Rousseau believed that
children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology, Rousseau believed in the
modern views of developmental psychology.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child per family.
ANSWER: c
5. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
b. Children were married younger than during previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANSWER: a
6. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. lasted throughout the Industrial Revolution but gradually declined through the 20th century.
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: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.
ANSWER: b
7. The purpose of the first standardized intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children who were at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson's school of behaviorism and John Locke's concept of tabula
rasa?
a. Both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one's development.
b. Both suggest that one's genetic endowment determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. Both suggest that experience determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. Both emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANSWER: c
9. Which aof athe afollowing aperspectives aof achild adevelopment ais aArnold aGesell acredited awith?
a. Biological amaturation aof achildren
b. The ainherent agoodness aof achildren
c. The ainherently aflawed anature aof achildren
d. Environment ainfluences aof achildren
ANSWER: a
10. The apsychosexual atheory aof adevelopment ais asimilar ato athe apsychosocial atheory aof adevelopment ain athat:
a. both atheories aassert athat ahuman adevelopment ais aa acontinuous, alifelong aprocess awith alittle aor ano agaps.
b. both atheories asuggest athat aa achild's aexperiences aduring aearly astages aaffect athe achild's aemotional aand
asocial alife aat athe atime aand alater aon.
c. both atheories abelieve athat aa achild aor aadult's abehavior ais alearned.
d. both atheories asuggest athat aadaptation aand anatural aselection aare aconnected awith abehavior.
ANSWER: b
11. According ato aFreud, awhich aaspect aof aour apersonality ais apresent aat abirth?
a. The asuperego
b. The aid
c. The aego
d. The aarchetype
ANSWER: b
12. Which aof athe afollowing ais aa asimilarity abetween aFreud's aand aErikson's apsychoanalytic atheories?
a. Both aare atypes aof astage atheories.
b. Both aare aexclusively anature atheories.
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Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
c. Both aare aexclusively anurture atheories
d. Both aare aquantitative atheories.
ANSWER: a
13. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof athe aego aaccording ato aFreud?
a. It ais abiologically abased aand apresent aat abirth.
b. It ais adriven aby athe aquest afor apleasure.
c. It aforces aus ato afollow arules aand aacts aas aa amoral abase.
d. It amakes aplans athat aare asocially aappropriate.
ANSWER: d
14. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof afixation ain athe aoral astage?
a. It aoccurs abecause aof abeing atoilet atrained atoo astrictly.
b. It aoccurs abecause aof abeing aweaned atoo aearly aor abreast-fed afor atoo along.
c. It aoccurs abecause aof aconcentrating aon aschool awork afor atoo along.
d. It aoccurs abecause aof aplaying awith achildren aof athe aopposite agender atoo aoften.
ANSWER: b
15. Natalia ais aa agrown awoman awho astill asucks aher athumb. aHer aco-workers anotice aher abehavior abut aare atoo apolite
ato amention ait. aAccording ato aFreud, aNatalia ais afixated aat athe of adevelopment.
a. anal astage
b. oral astage
c. phallic astage
d. genital astage
ANSWER: b
16. Which aof athe afollowing afactors aplays aa arole ain afixation aduring athe aanal astage aof adevelopment?
a. Strict atoilet atraining
b. Excessive abreast afeeding
c. Excess awork aload ain aschool
d. Interaction awith aopposite-sex achildren
ANSWER: a
17. Which aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof aFreud's alegacy afor afuture athinkers?
a. His afocus aon athe ascientific amethod ahas aled ato astronger aways aof astudying ahuman adevelopment.
b. His aemphasis aon aevolutionary achanges ahas aled ato afurther aresearch aon abehavioral achanges ain aeach ageneration.
c. His afocus aon athe aimportance aof agenetics ahas aled ato amodern aresearchers aunderstanding ahow
agenetics aand aenvironment aintersect.
d. His aemphasis aon athe aemotional aneeds aof achildren ahas ainfluenced ahow aeducators aunderstand
achildren’s abehaviors.
ANSWER: d
18. According ato aErikson, awhich aof athe afollowing ais atrue aof aearly aexperiences?
a. They aare amore achallenging athan alater aexperiences.
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