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Molecular Geometry, Intermolecular Forces, and Bonding Theories

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This focused section covers intermolecular forces (IMFs)—the key attractive interactions that determine how molecules behave in the condensed phases. It starts by reviewing molecular polarity, helping students recognize when a molecule has a dipole moment based on structure and electronegativity. The notes then clearly explain the three main types of IMFs: dispersion forces (present in all substances), dipole-dipole interactions (in polar molecules), and hydrogen bonding (in molecules with H bonded to N, O, or F). Each type is broken down with visual examples, such as the orientation of HCl molecules in dipole-dipole attraction and why HF exhibits hydrogen bonding but HCl does not. The section emphasizes how molecular size, shape, and electron mobility influence the strength of IMFs and how this, in turn, affects boiling and melting points. Trends across molecular series like F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂ are used to illustrate how IMFs determine physical state at room temperature. These notes provide a critical foundation for understanding phase behavior, solubility, and physical properties in later chapters.

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Review of Molecular Polarity :
-


depends on individual bond dipoles
T
-C HHo , Ha


Polar Molecules things diff. at each end


:
nonsymmetrical when are
-



,





Molecules : symmetrical sameteached & NEN c 0
Nonpolar 0
- = =



, ,
,
,




Chapter 7 – Molecular Geometry, Intermolecular
Forces, and Bonding Theories
**We will only cover 7.3 – Intermolecular Forces. You
learned the rest of Ch 7 in CHEM 1251!**

Section 7.3 – Intermolecular Forces
An important consequence of molecular polarity is the
existence of ______________________
attractive-forces between
neighboring molecules, which we refer to as
intermolecular forces.
What is molecular polarity? Take some time to review
section 7.2 to make sure you can predict whether or
not a molecular is polar!
The attractive forces that act between atoms or molecules
in _________________________
a
pure substance are called van der
Waals forces. The three types of van der Waals forces
are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and
dispersion forces.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces that
polar molecules. St-s-dipole-dipole
act between ________
o The _______________________
Partial positive charge on one
molecule is attracted to the
_______________________
Partial negative charge on a
neighboring molecule.

o Draw the Lewis structure of HCl and label the *H -
partial positive and partial negative charges. -





Then draw another HCl molecule next to it and
show how one molecule is attracted to the other
through dipole-dipole interactions.

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Uploaded on
June 23, 2025
Number of pages
3
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Susan michael
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