ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
FETAL ECHO ARDMS TEST GUIDE WITH
SOLUTIONS
What is the most superior structure in the fetal heart? - The Aorta
How large is the aortic isthmus in relation to the ascending and descending aorta? - 1/3
the diameter
What is he most anterior structure in the fetal heart? - The right ventricle
What is the normal relationship of the semilunar valves? - The aortic valve is to the right
and posterior of the pulmonic valve.
Name the mitral valve leaflets -
Which structure is normally visualized in the left AV groove? - The coronary sinus.
Which fetal view is best for evaluation of the coronary sinus? - Apical 4 chamber view
What structures form the ductal arch? - Pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus and
descending aorta
What structures must be evaluated when scanning the fetal abdomen to rule out
isomerism? - Spleen, Liver, Aorta, IVC
What sonographic view should be used to rule out RAA? - Three vessel view
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
, ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
What differential diagnosis should be considered when the trachea is displaced? - RAA
What is the main difference between the fetal esophagus and trachea? - Fetal esophagus
diameter can change, whereas the tracheal diameter remains consistent.
What are the relative degree ranges for levocardia? - 45 degress +/- 20 degrees, so 25-65
degrees
What is the most leftward structure in the fetal heart? - MPA
Which vessel courses superior to the left bronchus? - LPA
Explain how the mitral E/A ratio behaves with advancing pregnancy. - The mitral E/A
ratio increases with advancing pregnancy.
Which node functions as the pacemaker of the heart? - Sinoatrial node
What is the normal range for the E/A ratio? - 0.5-1.0
What is the normal fetal heart rate in the second trimester? - 100-180bpm
Where does fetal gas exchange take place? - The placenta
Normal fetal circulation operates in parallel -
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
FETAL ECHO ARDMS TEST GUIDE WITH
SOLUTIONS
What is the most superior structure in the fetal heart? - The Aorta
How large is the aortic isthmus in relation to the ascending and descending aorta? - 1/3
the diameter
What is he most anterior structure in the fetal heart? - The right ventricle
What is the normal relationship of the semilunar valves? - The aortic valve is to the right
and posterior of the pulmonic valve.
Name the mitral valve leaflets -
Which structure is normally visualized in the left AV groove? - The coronary sinus.
Which fetal view is best for evaluation of the coronary sinus? - Apical 4 chamber view
What structures form the ductal arch? - Pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus and
descending aorta
What structures must be evaluated when scanning the fetal abdomen to rule out
isomerism? - Spleen, Liver, Aorta, IVC
What sonographic view should be used to rule out RAA? - Three vessel view
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
, ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
What differential diagnosis should be considered when the trachea is displaced? - RAA
What is the main difference between the fetal esophagus and trachea? - Fetal esophagus
diameter can change, whereas the tracheal diameter remains consistent.
What are the relative degree ranges for levocardia? - 45 degress +/- 20 degrees, so 25-65
degrees
What is the most leftward structure in the fetal heart? - MPA
Which vessel courses superior to the left bronchus? - LPA
Explain how the mitral E/A ratio behaves with advancing pregnancy. - The mitral E/A
ratio increases with advancing pregnancy.
Which node functions as the pacemaker of the heart? - Sinoatrial node
What is the normal range for the E/A ratio? - 0.5-1.0
What is the normal fetal heart rate in the second trimester? - 100-180bpm
Where does fetal gas exchange take place? - The placenta
Normal fetal circulation operates in parallel -
ARDMS Fetal Echocardiography
