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Chapter 4.22 Introduction to organic chemistry - Summary Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book - Chemistry

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Summary study book Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book of Jim Clark (Chapter 4.22) - ISBN: 9780435185169, Edition: Student edition, Year of publication: - (.)

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4 - 22 Introduction to organic chemistry
● ***Organic compound: any carbon compound (except CO2, CO, CO3)
● Can exist as chains, branched chains, rings of carbon atoms with hydrogens
attached (organic compounds with ONLY hydrogen and carbon atoms present are
called hydrocarbons)



Hydrocarbons
● Simplest organic compounds
● ***Definition: compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
● Carbon atoms joined together with single/double/triple bonds, carbon atoms joined
to hydrogen atoms by single bonds




General formulae
● ***Homologous (同源) series: series of compounds with similar chemical properties
and same functional group/general formula, each member differs by CH2 (within
hydrocarbons in GCSE level)
● E.g.: alkanes (烷烴), alkenes (烯烴), alcohols (醇), carboxylic acids (羧酸),
esters (酯)
● Members of homologous series can be represented by general formula, ***e.g.:
- Alkanes - CnH(2n+2)
- Alkenes - CnH2n
- (Alkynes - CnH(2n-2))
- Alcohols - CnH(2n+2)O
- Carboxylic acids - C(n-1)H(2n-1)COOH
● ***Functional group (功能群): an atom/a group of atoms determining chemical
properties of compound




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Jim Clark Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9780435185169 Edition: Unknown

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Chapter 4.22
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Concentrated Summary Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book - Chemistry [except Chapter 4.27 Carboxylic acids]
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Subjects

  • organic
  • chemistry
  • organic chemistry
  • alkane
  • alkene
  • alkyne
  • alcohol
  • aldehyde
  • ketone
  • carboxylic acid
  • ester
  • ether
  • single bond
  • carbon
  • double bond
  • triple bond
  • dative
  • covalent
  • electron
  • general equation

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