Common Pediatric Diseases
How is acute chest syndrome managed? - Supportive measures
-broad spectrum antibiotics
-oxygen
-analgesia
-adequate ventilation (bronchodilators, IS, etc.)
-blood transfusion for severe anemia and hypoxemia
How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed? - Sweat chloride test - sweat chloride concentration is > 80
mEq/L
How is cystic fibrosis managed? - Chest PT with postural drainage
Bronchodilator therapy
Pancrealipase
Antibiotics long terms (if no pathogens in a sputum sample, a bronchoscopy is performed to
collect lower airway secretions for sampling)
Lung transplant
How is muscular dystrophy diagnosed? - A muscle biopsy
How is premature retinopathy treated? - Transcleral cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation
How long should 100% FiO2 be used for in neonates? - Less than 5 minutes
How many patients with cerebral palsy have a seizure disorder? - 1/3
, How often does MH occur in pediatric anesthesia? - 1 in 15,000 anesthetics
A in VACTERL - Anal/rectal malformations
C in VACTERL - Cardiac anomalies
Can increased FiO2 exacerbate or cause retinopathy? - Yes
Characteristics of trisomy 21 - Short neck
Irregular dentition
Mental retardation
Hypotonia
Large tongue - macroglossia
Miscrognathia
Developmental delay
Microcephaly
Narrow nasopharynx
Single palmar crease
Oblique palpebral tissues
Midface hypoplasia
Infants are often small and premature
Clinical presentation of MH from earliest signs to latest signs - Unexplained hypercarbia
(ventilator changes do not fix this)
Tachycardia
How is acute chest syndrome managed? - Supportive measures
-broad spectrum antibiotics
-oxygen
-analgesia
-adequate ventilation (bronchodilators, IS, etc.)
-blood transfusion for severe anemia and hypoxemia
How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed? - Sweat chloride test - sweat chloride concentration is > 80
mEq/L
How is cystic fibrosis managed? - Chest PT with postural drainage
Bronchodilator therapy
Pancrealipase
Antibiotics long terms (if no pathogens in a sputum sample, a bronchoscopy is performed to
collect lower airway secretions for sampling)
Lung transplant
How is muscular dystrophy diagnosed? - A muscle biopsy
How is premature retinopathy treated? - Transcleral cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation
How long should 100% FiO2 be used for in neonates? - Less than 5 minutes
How many patients with cerebral palsy have a seizure disorder? - 1/3
, How often does MH occur in pediatric anesthesia? - 1 in 15,000 anesthetics
A in VACTERL - Anal/rectal malformations
C in VACTERL - Cardiac anomalies
Can increased FiO2 exacerbate or cause retinopathy? - Yes
Characteristics of trisomy 21 - Short neck
Irregular dentition
Mental retardation
Hypotonia
Large tongue - macroglossia
Miscrognathia
Developmental delay
Microcephaly
Narrow nasopharynx
Single palmar crease
Oblique palpebral tissues
Midface hypoplasia
Infants are often small and premature
Clinical presentation of MH from earliest signs to latest signs - Unexplained hypercarbia
(ventilator changes do not fix this)
Tachycardia
