1 || |P |a |g |e
BIOD331 Final Exam Pathophysiology Questions With
Correct Answers
What type of signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical
| | | | | | | | | |
into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity? -
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER-Autocrine
|
What type of signaling depends on hormones carried in the
| | | | | | | | |
bloodstream to act on cells throughout the body? -ANSWER-
| | | | | | | | | |
Endocrine
|
What type of signaling occurs in the nervous system as
| | | | | | | | |
neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells? -ANSWER-
| | | | | | | |
Synaptic
|
Explain how the skin's physical barrier makes it inhospitable to
| | | | | | | | |
microorganisms - ANSWER-Our skin is comprised of closely
| | | | | | | |
packed cells in multiple layers. Keratin is what covers the skin and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
makes it a salty acidic inhospitable environment to microbes with
| | | | | | | | | |
the use of proteins and lysozymes.
| | | | | |
,2 || |P |a |g |e
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders -
| | | | | | |
ANSWER-There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping
| | | | | | | |
presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in
| | | | | | | | |
other non-autoimmune diseases. Blood testing isn't perfect either,
| | | | | | | |
as some tests are more generic and can be elevated in the presence
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
of other diseases.
| | |
You recently diagnosed your patient with Narcolepsy. You
| | | | | | |
prescribed a low dose ofAdderall to treat his daytime sleepiness.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are TWO behavior modifications he should make to
| | | | | | | | |
control/prevent his symptoms? - ANSWER-He should practice
| | | | | | |
proper sleep hygiene, avoid sleep deprivation, and practice safety
| | | | | | | | |
during high-risk activities, e.g. driving. He should take several
| | | | | | | | |
short naps per day (approximately 15 minutes in length) to help
| | | | | | | | | | |
ease the symptom of daytime sleepiness.
| | | | | |
Your friend is suffering from adjustment insomnia. She just started
| | | | | | | | |
a new job and is anxious about her new responsibilities. What are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
TWO behavior modifications she can make to prevent sleep
| | | | | | | | |
disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention for any type
| | | | | | | |
of insomnia must begin with patient education to promote good
| | | | | | | | | |
sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the establishment of
| | | | | | | | |
consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same time each night
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel refreshed during the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
day), creating a comfortable sleeping
| | | | |
,3 || |P |a |g |e
environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens and | | | | | | |
excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of
| | | | | | | | |
stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
| | | | | | | |
Your patient has been suffering from chronic insomnia for the past
| | | | | | | | | |
6 months. You have prescribed her Ambien as a sedative, but what
| | | | | | | | | | | |
are TWO additional behavior modifications she can make to
| | | | | | | | |
prevent sleep disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention
| | | | | | |
for any type of insomnia must begin with patient education to
| | | | | | | | | | |
promote good sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the
| | | | | | | | |
establishment of consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same
| | | | | | | | | | |
time each night and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
refreshed during the day),creating a comfortable sleeping
| | | | | | |
environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens
| | | | | | |
and excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of
| | | | | | | | | |
stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
| | | | | | | |
True/False: The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T- | | | | | | | | | | |
cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process
| | | | | | | | | |
termed negative selection. - ANSWER-False
| | | | |
You are seeing Jenny, a 25-year-old female in your office whose
| | | | | | | | | |
chief complaint is debilitating pain in the MCP joints of both hands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Jenny reports general feelings of fatigue, and you notice
| | | | | | | | |
, 4 || |P |a |g |e
nodules over her MCP joints. She states that she experiences
| | | | | | | | |
stiffness in her hands in the morning that lasts well over an hour.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
However, as she gets moving, this seems to subside. Would you
| | | | | | | | | | |
suspect that Jenny has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Jenny more than likely has
| | | | | | | | |
RA. She is young. She has a bilateral presentation. Her MCP joints
| | | | | | | | | | | |
are affected, which is most common with RA. She is exhibiting
| | | | | | | | | | |
systemic symptoms of fatigue. She has prolonged morning
| | | | | | | |
stiffness in her joints, but this is alleviated with movement.
| | | | | | | | | |
You are seeing Lynn, a 40-year-old female in your office whose chief
| | | | | | | | | | |
complaint is severe pain in the DIP joints of both of her hands. She is a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
medical transcriptionist and types all day long.
| | | | | | |
She reports that her pain gets worse as the day goes on. Would you
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
suspect that Lynn has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Lynn more than likely has
| | | | | | | | |
OA. Her age of onset is between 30 and 60. Her DIP joints are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
affected, which is common with OA but not for RA. She has a job
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that is repetitive in nature. Her symptoms get worse with
| | | | | | | | | |
activity/as the day goes on.
| | | | |
(If the correct diagnosis is identified, 3 points should be awarded.
| | | | | | | | | |
Full credit should be given if the correct diagnosis is made with two
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pieces of supporting evidence.)
| | | |
BIOD331 Final Exam Pathophysiology Questions With
Correct Answers
What type of signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical
| | | | | | | | | |
into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity? -
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER-Autocrine
|
What type of signaling depends on hormones carried in the
| | | | | | | | |
bloodstream to act on cells throughout the body? -ANSWER-
| | | | | | | | | |
Endocrine
|
What type of signaling occurs in the nervous system as
| | | | | | | | |
neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells? -ANSWER-
| | | | | | | |
Synaptic
|
Explain how the skin's physical barrier makes it inhospitable to
| | | | | | | | |
microorganisms - ANSWER-Our skin is comprised of closely
| | | | | | | |
packed cells in multiple layers. Keratin is what covers the skin and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
makes it a salty acidic inhospitable environment to microbes with
| | | | | | | | | |
the use of proteins and lysozymes.
| | | | | |
,2 || |P |a |g |e
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders -
| | | | | | |
ANSWER-There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping
| | | | | | | |
presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in
| | | | | | | | |
other non-autoimmune diseases. Blood testing isn't perfect either,
| | | | | | | |
as some tests are more generic and can be elevated in the presence
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
of other diseases.
| | |
You recently diagnosed your patient with Narcolepsy. You
| | | | | | |
prescribed a low dose ofAdderall to treat his daytime sleepiness.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are TWO behavior modifications he should make to
| | | | | | | | |
control/prevent his symptoms? - ANSWER-He should practice
| | | | | | |
proper sleep hygiene, avoid sleep deprivation, and practice safety
| | | | | | | | |
during high-risk activities, e.g. driving. He should take several
| | | | | | | | |
short naps per day (approximately 15 minutes in length) to help
| | | | | | | | | | |
ease the symptom of daytime sleepiness.
| | | | | |
Your friend is suffering from adjustment insomnia. She just started
| | | | | | | | |
a new job and is anxious about her new responsibilities. What are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
TWO behavior modifications she can make to prevent sleep
| | | | | | | | |
disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention for any type
| | | | | | | |
of insomnia must begin with patient education to promote good
| | | | | | | | | |
sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the establishment of
| | | | | | | | |
consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same time each night
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel refreshed during the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
day), creating a comfortable sleeping
| | | | |
,3 || |P |a |g |e
environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens and | | | | | | |
excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of
| | | | | | | | |
stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
| | | | | | | |
Your patient has been suffering from chronic insomnia for the past
| | | | | | | | | |
6 months. You have prescribed her Ambien as a sedative, but what
| | | | | | | | | | | |
are TWO additional behavior modifications she can make to
| | | | | | | | |
prevent sleep disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention
| | | | | | |
for any type of insomnia must begin with patient education to
| | | | | | | | | | |
promote good sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the
| | | | | | | | |
establishment of consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same
| | | | | | | | | | |
time each night and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
refreshed during the day),creating a comfortable sleeping
| | | | | | |
environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens
| | | | | | |
and excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of
| | | | | | | | | |
stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
| | | | | | | |
True/False: The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T- | | | | | | | | | | |
cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process
| | | | | | | | | |
termed negative selection. - ANSWER-False
| | | | |
You are seeing Jenny, a 25-year-old female in your office whose
| | | | | | | | | |
chief complaint is debilitating pain in the MCP joints of both hands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Jenny reports general feelings of fatigue, and you notice
| | | | | | | | |
, 4 || |P |a |g |e
nodules over her MCP joints. She states that she experiences
| | | | | | | | |
stiffness in her hands in the morning that lasts well over an hour.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
However, as she gets moving, this seems to subside. Would you
| | | | | | | | | | |
suspect that Jenny has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Jenny more than likely has
| | | | | | | | |
RA. She is young. She has a bilateral presentation. Her MCP joints
| | | | | | | | | | | |
are affected, which is most common with RA. She is exhibiting
| | | | | | | | | | |
systemic symptoms of fatigue. She has prolonged morning
| | | | | | | |
stiffness in her joints, but this is alleviated with movement.
| | | | | | | | | |
You are seeing Lynn, a 40-year-old female in your office whose chief
| | | | | | | | | | |
complaint is severe pain in the DIP joints of both of her hands. She is a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
medical transcriptionist and types all day long.
| | | | | | |
She reports that her pain gets worse as the day goes on. Would you
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
suspect that Lynn has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Lynn more than likely has
| | | | | | | | |
OA. Her age of onset is between 30 and 60. Her DIP joints are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
affected, which is common with OA but not for RA. She has a job
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that is repetitive in nature. Her symptoms get worse with
| | | | | | | | | |
activity/as the day goes on.
| | | | |
(If the correct diagnosis is identified, 3 points should be awarded.
| | | | | | | | | |
Full credit should be given if the correct diagnosis is made with two
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
pieces of supporting evidence.)
| | | |
