Pathophysiology BIOD 331 – Questions With
Apposite Solutions
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? Correct Answer -
Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ
changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these
changes have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. Correct
Answer - Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you
don't necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to
irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? Correct Answer -
Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology?
Correct Answer - Morphology is defined as the fundamental
structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the
cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. Correct Answer - These both relate to
manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
, What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis?
Correct Answer - Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a
physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. Correct
Answer - Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to
measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood
pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually
dependent on someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. Correct
Answer - Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It
tracks the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional
habits and locations.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? Correct
Answer - Incidence is the number of new cases in the population
at a given time, prevalence is the number of cases that exist in the
population at a given time.
Define mortality and morbidity. Correct Answer - Mortality is
the reason for death in a population. Morbidity is the effect of the
illness on someone's life, as it pertains to their quality of life.
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an
example of each. Correct Answer - Primary prevention is what
a person does to prevent a disease from occurring, for example
eating healthy and exercising.
Apposite Solutions
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? Correct Answer -
Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ
changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these
changes have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. Correct
Answer - Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you
don't necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to
irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? Correct Answer -
Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology?
Correct Answer - Morphology is defined as the fundamental
structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the
cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. Correct Answer - These both relate to
manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the
physician, symptoms are apparent to the patient.
, What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis?
Correct Answer - Patient history, diagnostic testing, and a
physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. Correct
Answer - Validity: how a tool measures what it is intended to
measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood
pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually
dependent on someone's experience and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. Correct
Answer - Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence. It
tracks the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional
habits and locations.
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? Correct
Answer - Incidence is the number of new cases in the population
at a given time, prevalence is the number of cases that exist in the
population at a given time.
Define mortality and morbidity. Correct Answer - Mortality is
the reason for death in a population. Morbidity is the effect of the
illness on someone's life, as it pertains to their quality of life.
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an
example of each. Correct Answer - Primary prevention is what
a person does to prevent a disease from occurring, for example
eating healthy and exercising.
