LSIT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(i) mathematics, (ii) legal principles, (iii) types of surveys and (iv) survey computations - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Know these forsure
Survey Process and Methods - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Instrumentation (e.g., GNSS/GPS, levels,
total stations, robotic total stations, scanners, UAS)
-GNSS/GPS surveys (e.g., static, kinematic, OPUS, real-time networks)
-Control surveys (e.g., horizontal, vertical, network design, accuracy standards)
-Cadastral (e.g., Public Land Survey System [PLSS], boundary, metes and bounds, land title)
-Topographic surveys
-Construction surveys (e.g., layout, as-built, quantity)
-Land development (e.g., subdivision design/platting, land use, environmental, flood plains, wetlands)
-Field record keeping and documentation (e.g., procedures, field books,raw data files)
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Uses the Global Positioning
System (GPS),
GLONASS, and other space based satellite systems to measure latitude, longitude, and altitude.
GNSS Equipment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Ground based receivers and antennas are utilized to
collect electronic radio signals from the GNSS satellites.
-the receiver and antenna shall at a minimum collect
,signals from the GPS satellites.
-The receivers shall be geodetic quality L1/L2 Dual Frequency with full-wavelength capabilities and they
must be capable of tracking satellites down to a 5-
degree elevation angle.
-The receivers shall record the full wavelength, carrier phase, and signal strength of both the L1 and L2
frequencies, and track at least eight satellites simultaneously on parallel channels.
GPS (Global Positioning System) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A system that determines the precise
location of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Differential leveling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the term applied to any method of measuring
directly with a graduated staff the difference in elevation between two or more points.
Precise leveling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is a particularly accurate method of differential leveling
which uses highly accurate levels and with a more rigorous observing procedure than general
engineering leveling.
-It aims to achieve high orders of accuracy such as 1 mm per 1 km traverse.
A level surface - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is a surface which is everywhere perpendicular to the
direction of the force of gravity.
-An example is the surface of a completely still lake.
-For ordinary leveling, level surfaces at different
elevations can be considered to be parallel.
A level datum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is an arbitrary (random choice, no reason behind it) level
surface to which elevations are referred.
, -Example the most common surveying datum is mean sea-level (MSL),
A reduced level - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the vertical distance between a survey point and the
adopted level datum.
-A bench mark (BM) is the term given to a definite, permanent accessible point of known height above a
datum to which the height of other points can be referred.
A set-up - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅refers the position of a level or other instrument at the time in
which a number of observations are made without mooring (keeping where it is, able to move
instrument) the instrument.
-The first observation is made to the known point and is
termed a backsight; the last observation is to the final point or the next to be measured on the run, and
all other points are intermediates.
A run - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the leveling between two or more points measured in one
direction only. (think of slope rise over run)
-The outward run is from known to unknown points and the return run is the check leveling in the
opposite direction.
A close - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the difference between the starting level of the initial point for
the outward run (is from known to unknown points) and that determined at the end of the return run (is
the check leveling in the opposite direction).
-If the levels have been reduced correctly this value should be the same as the difference between the
sum of the rises and falls and also the difference between the sum of the backsight and foresights.
Height of Collimation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the elevation of the optical axis of the telescope at
the time of the setup.
(i) mathematics, (ii) legal principles, (iii) types of surveys and (iv) survey computations - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Know these forsure
Survey Process and Methods - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Instrumentation (e.g., GNSS/GPS, levels,
total stations, robotic total stations, scanners, UAS)
-GNSS/GPS surveys (e.g., static, kinematic, OPUS, real-time networks)
-Control surveys (e.g., horizontal, vertical, network design, accuracy standards)
-Cadastral (e.g., Public Land Survey System [PLSS], boundary, metes and bounds, land title)
-Topographic surveys
-Construction surveys (e.g., layout, as-built, quantity)
-Land development (e.g., subdivision design/platting, land use, environmental, flood plains, wetlands)
-Field record keeping and documentation (e.g., procedures, field books,raw data files)
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Uses the Global Positioning
System (GPS),
GLONASS, and other space based satellite systems to measure latitude, longitude, and altitude.
GNSS Equipment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Ground based receivers and antennas are utilized to
collect electronic radio signals from the GNSS satellites.
-the receiver and antenna shall at a minimum collect
,signals from the GPS satellites.
-The receivers shall be geodetic quality L1/L2 Dual Frequency with full-wavelength capabilities and they
must be capable of tracking satellites down to a 5-
degree elevation angle.
-The receivers shall record the full wavelength, carrier phase, and signal strength of both the L1 and L2
frequencies, and track at least eight satellites simultaneously on parallel channels.
GPS (Global Positioning System) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A system that determines the precise
location of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Differential leveling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the term applied to any method of measuring
directly with a graduated staff the difference in elevation between two or more points.
Precise leveling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is a particularly accurate method of differential leveling
which uses highly accurate levels and with a more rigorous observing procedure than general
engineering leveling.
-It aims to achieve high orders of accuracy such as 1 mm per 1 km traverse.
A level surface - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is a surface which is everywhere perpendicular to the
direction of the force of gravity.
-An example is the surface of a completely still lake.
-For ordinary leveling, level surfaces at different
elevations can be considered to be parallel.
A level datum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is an arbitrary (random choice, no reason behind it) level
surface to which elevations are referred.
, -Example the most common surveying datum is mean sea-level (MSL),
A reduced level - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the vertical distance between a survey point and the
adopted level datum.
-A bench mark (BM) is the term given to a definite, permanent accessible point of known height above a
datum to which the height of other points can be referred.
A set-up - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅refers the position of a level or other instrument at the time in
which a number of observations are made without mooring (keeping where it is, able to move
instrument) the instrument.
-The first observation is made to the known point and is
termed a backsight; the last observation is to the final point or the next to be measured on the run, and
all other points are intermediates.
A run - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the leveling between two or more points measured in one
direction only. (think of slope rise over run)
-The outward run is from known to unknown points and the return run is the check leveling in the
opposite direction.
A close - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the difference between the starting level of the initial point for
the outward run (is from known to unknown points) and that determined at the end of the return run (is
the check leveling in the opposite direction).
-If the levels have been reduced correctly this value should be the same as the difference between the
sum of the rises and falls and also the difference between the sum of the backsight and foresights.
Height of Collimation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the elevation of the optical axis of the telescope at
the time of the setup.
