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ONS Chemotherapy Administration
Questions and Correct Answers
Question: What do alkylating chemotherapy drugs do?
Answer: Chemotherapy drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific, so they
exert their effects in all phases of the cell cycle. They directly damage
DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing. They cause breaks in the
DNA or cross-linking in a process called alkylation, which causes the drug
to interfere with DNA replication.
Question: neoadjuvant therapy
Answer: a cancer treatment that precedes other primary treatment, such
as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before
surgery
Question: adjuvant therapy
Answer: Treatment of disease with substances that assist or enhance the
action of primary treatment (i.e. surgery or radiation).
Question: induction treatment of leukemia
Answer: This phase of chemotherapy treatment (first phase of
treatment) usually is initiated in the hospital because of its potential for
serious side effects and complications from the severe, intended
myelosuppression that ensues. The goal is to achieve a complete
response.
Question: consolidation treatment
Answer: This treatment is done to ensure the treatment takes effect and
decreases the chance of a recurrence. This treatment is vital because
leukemic cells that are not clinically apparent, as through a CBC
laboratory draw result or bone marrow biopsy evaluation, are almost
always still present to some small degree in the bone marrow.
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 2
Question: myeloablation therapy
Answer: A process in which the bone marrow purposely is obliterated
through chemotherapy or radiation to prepare for peripheral blood stem
cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation. Myeloablation often
is used to treat blood (i.e., liquid) malignancies, such as leukemia or
lymphoma.
Question: reinduction therapy
Answer: This treatment is used when a patient who successfully
completed induction and consolidation, but relapses months later.
Question: combination therapy
Answer: This therapy reduces the likelihood of drug resistance because
the different chemotherapy drugs have different mechanisms of action.
Cancer cells usually are heterogeneous; therefore, the effect of different
mechanisms of action increases the amount of cancer cells killed at one
time. The efficiency seen by use of multiple chemotherapy agents within a
regimen provides a synergistic effect.
Question: synergy
Answer: When one chemotherapy drug helps another one (given at the
same time) work better, such as with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil when
treating colon cancer. Leucovorin increases the deadly effect that 5-
fluorouracil has on cancer cells; in other words, the cytotoxicity is
potentiated.
Question: complete response
Answer: No identifiable cancer presence through signs or symptoms for
at least one month or longer
Question: partial response
Answer: The measurable tumor is reduced by 50% for at least one
month without the development of new tumors.
Question: stable
Pretest - Stuvia US
ONS Chemotherapy Administration
Questions and Correct Answers
Question: What do alkylating chemotherapy drugs do?
Answer: Chemotherapy drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific, so they
exert their effects in all phases of the cell cycle. They directly damage
DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing. They cause breaks in the
DNA or cross-linking in a process called alkylation, which causes the drug
to interfere with DNA replication.
Question: neoadjuvant therapy
Answer: a cancer treatment that precedes other primary treatment, such
as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before
surgery
Question: adjuvant therapy
Answer: Treatment of disease with substances that assist or enhance the
action of primary treatment (i.e. surgery or radiation).
Question: induction treatment of leukemia
Answer: This phase of chemotherapy treatment (first phase of
treatment) usually is initiated in the hospital because of its potential for
serious side effects and complications from the severe, intended
myelosuppression that ensues. The goal is to achieve a complete
response.
Question: consolidation treatment
Answer: This treatment is done to ensure the treatment takes effect and
decreases the chance of a recurrence. This treatment is vital because
leukemic cells that are not clinically apparent, as through a CBC
laboratory draw result or bone marrow biopsy evaluation, are almost
always still present to some small degree in the bone marrow.
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 2
Question: myeloablation therapy
Answer: A process in which the bone marrow purposely is obliterated
through chemotherapy or radiation to prepare for peripheral blood stem
cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation. Myeloablation often
is used to treat blood (i.e., liquid) malignancies, such as leukemia or
lymphoma.
Question: reinduction therapy
Answer: This treatment is used when a patient who successfully
completed induction and consolidation, but relapses months later.
Question: combination therapy
Answer: This therapy reduces the likelihood of drug resistance because
the different chemotherapy drugs have different mechanisms of action.
Cancer cells usually are heterogeneous; therefore, the effect of different
mechanisms of action increases the amount of cancer cells killed at one
time. The efficiency seen by use of multiple chemotherapy agents within a
regimen provides a synergistic effect.
Question: synergy
Answer: When one chemotherapy drug helps another one (given at the
same time) work better, such as with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil when
treating colon cancer. Leucovorin increases the deadly effect that 5-
fluorouracil has on cancer cells; in other words, the cytotoxicity is
potentiated.
Question: complete response
Answer: No identifiable cancer presence through signs or symptoms for
at least one month or longer
Question: partial response
Answer: The measurable tumor is reduced by 50% for at least one
month without the development of new tumors.
Question: stable
Pretest - Stuvia US
