Ocr A level biology paper 2 UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.
1,4 glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Glycosidic bond formed between carbon1 of first
monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the second monosaccharide
1,6 glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Glycosidic bond formed between carbon1 of first
monosaccharide and carbon 6 of the second monosaccharide
Abiotic Factor - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A non living factor that influences populations.
Accuracy - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔How close a measurement is to the true value. However, the true
value may not be known
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The added energy required before a reaction can take place
Activator - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A transcription factor that increases the rate of transcription
active site - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔An area within the tertiary structure of the enzyme able to bind to
the substrate
Adenosine triphosphate ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A molecule consisting of adenine, ribose and
three phosphate groups. It transfers energy within cells when it is hydrolysed into ADP and Pi.
adhesion - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Water molecules are attracted to surfaces by hydrogen bonds
Agglutination - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The clumping together of pathogens using antibodies
,Agrobacterium tumefaciens - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A bacterium used to introduce genes into a plant
cell in order to produce genetically modified plants.
All tests. - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Add sample to a test tube and crush with a stirring rod.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Alternative version of the same gene.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic
effects.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔An alternative version of a gene.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Different forms of the same gene.
Allopatric speciation - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Populations become geographically isolated and, as a
result of natural selection, form new species.
alpha helix - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔H bonds form between amino acids in the polypeptide pulling it into
a spiral shape.
amine group - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A nitrogen atom with 2 hydrogen atoms attached
Amino acid - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Protein monomer, composed of an amine group, carboxyl group
and a variable R group attached to a central carbon atom.
Ammonification - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Decomposition of proteins in dead organic matter to release
ammonia.
Amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Long chain polymer of alpha glucose with some short side
branches
,Amylose - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Coiled,long chain polymer of alpha glucose
anabolic - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A reaction that builds a bigger molecule from smaller ones e.g. protein
synthesis
Anomaly - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔All results show variation. This describes a result that lies beyond this
variation.
antibiotic resistance - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Resistance evolving rapidly in many species of prokaryotes
due to overuse of antibiotics, especially in agriculture.
Antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Any substance produced by a microorganism that can harm or kill
another microorganisms
Antibody - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Plasma proteins with specific antigen -binding sites,constant and
hinge regions
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔3 bases on the tRNA molecule, that is complementary to the codon
on the mRNA.
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A molecule that triggers the immune response
antigen presenting cell - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔these are cells that recognizes antigens and brings them
into the cell by phagocytosis; the cells then breaks up the antigen and present them on the cell surface
membrane
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A highly controlled process by which cells are broken down. part of
programmed cell death.
Artificial embryo twinning - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Method of cloning animals by separating the
individual cells of an early embryo to form a number of genetically identical embryos.
, Artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔When humans select which individuals in a population to
breed together in order to get desirable traits.
aseptic conditions - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Working in a manner which avoids introducing foreign
bacteria into a pure culture, or contaminating either the environment or the experimenter.
Aseptic technique - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔precautions taken to prevent contamination with unwanted
microorganisms
Autoimmune disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A disease in which the immune system attacks the
organisms own cells
Autosomal linkage - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Genes coding for different characteristics, found on the
same non-sex chromosome, are said to be linked.
Autosome - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Any chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome.
Azotobactor - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bacteriophage - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A virus that infects a bacterium and can be used as a DNA
vector.
Bar chart - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A graph used to display discontinuous discrete data e.g. blood group.
The bars do not touch
Batch culture - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The growth of bacteria in a closed system without inputs of
nutrients.
beta pleated sheet - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Forms where polypeptide chains lie parallel to each other.
Held together by H bonds
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.
1,4 glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Glycosidic bond formed between carbon1 of first
monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the second monosaccharide
1,6 glycosidic bond - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Glycosidic bond formed between carbon1 of first
monosaccharide and carbon 6 of the second monosaccharide
Abiotic Factor - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A non living factor that influences populations.
Accuracy - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔How close a measurement is to the true value. However, the true
value may not be known
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The added energy required before a reaction can take place
Activator - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A transcription factor that increases the rate of transcription
active site - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔An area within the tertiary structure of the enzyme able to bind to
the substrate
Adenosine triphosphate ATP - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A molecule consisting of adenine, ribose and
three phosphate groups. It transfers energy within cells when it is hydrolysed into ADP and Pi.
adhesion - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Water molecules are attracted to surfaces by hydrogen bonds
Agglutination - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The clumping together of pathogens using antibodies
,Agrobacterium tumefaciens - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A bacterium used to introduce genes into a plant
cell in order to produce genetically modified plants.
All tests. - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Add sample to a test tube and crush with a stirring rod.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Alternative version of the same gene.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic
effects.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔An alternative version of a gene.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Different forms of the same gene.
Allopatric speciation - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Populations become geographically isolated and, as a
result of natural selection, form new species.
alpha helix - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔H bonds form between amino acids in the polypeptide pulling it into
a spiral shape.
amine group - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A nitrogen atom with 2 hydrogen atoms attached
Amino acid - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Protein monomer, composed of an amine group, carboxyl group
and a variable R group attached to a central carbon atom.
Ammonification - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Decomposition of proteins in dead organic matter to release
ammonia.
Amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Long chain polymer of alpha glucose with some short side
branches
,Amylose - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Coiled,long chain polymer of alpha glucose
anabolic - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A reaction that builds a bigger molecule from smaller ones e.g. protein
synthesis
Anomaly - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔All results show variation. This describes a result that lies beyond this
variation.
antibiotic resistance - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Resistance evolving rapidly in many species of prokaryotes
due to overuse of antibiotics, especially in agriculture.
Antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Any substance produced by a microorganism that can harm or kill
another microorganisms
Antibody - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Plasma proteins with specific antigen -binding sites,constant and
hinge regions
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔3 bases on the tRNA molecule, that is complementary to the codon
on the mRNA.
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A molecule that triggers the immune response
antigen presenting cell - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔these are cells that recognizes antigens and brings them
into the cell by phagocytosis; the cells then breaks up the antigen and present them on the cell surface
membrane
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A highly controlled process by which cells are broken down. part of
programmed cell death.
Artificial embryo twinning - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Method of cloning animals by separating the
individual cells of an early embryo to form a number of genetically identical embryos.
, Artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔When humans select which individuals in a population to
breed together in order to get desirable traits.
aseptic conditions - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Working in a manner which avoids introducing foreign
bacteria into a pure culture, or contaminating either the environment or the experimenter.
Aseptic technique - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔precautions taken to prevent contamination with unwanted
microorganisms
Autoimmune disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A disease in which the immune system attacks the
organisms own cells
Autosomal linkage - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Genes coding for different characteristics, found on the
same non-sex chromosome, are said to be linked.
Autosome - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Any chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome.
Azotobactor - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bacteriophage - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A virus that infects a bacterium and can be used as a DNA
vector.
Bar chart - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔A graph used to display discontinuous discrete data e.g. blood group.
The bars do not touch
Batch culture - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔The growth of bacteria in a closed system without inputs of
nutrients.
beta pleated sheet - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Forms where polypeptide chains lie parallel to each other.
Held together by H bonds
