FNDH 620 MAIN EXAMS SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTION
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the most common DIGESTIBLE polysaccharide? - ✔✔Strach, 20%=
amylose 80%= amylopectin
✔✔When pancreatic amylase acts on amylopectin, the products are - ✔✔Maltose and
isomaltose
✔✔Which GLUT transporter requires insulin for activation and is responsible for
lowering glucose levels? - ✔✔GLUT 4
✔✔What starts the digestion of starches? - ✔✔amylase in the mouth
✔✔How will glucose be release in amylopectin? - ✔✔from the nonreducing ends first
✔✔What can't cellulose be digested? - ✔✔the B-1,4 linkage can non-breakable by
human enzymes
✔✔What bonds can the body break? - ✔✔alpha 1-6 and 1-4
✔✔Why does aerobic metabolism create more ATP than anaerobic? - ✔✔aerobic
metabolism occurs in the mitochondria, which can oxidize
✔✔Where does anaerobic reactions happen? - ✔✔intestinal, white muscle, and red
blood cells
✔✔Where do aerobic reactions occur? - ✔✔Brain, red muscle, heart and liver cells
✔✔Which muscle cell type uses anaerobic metabolism? - ✔✔white muscle fiber
✔✔What is a key enzyme? - ✔✔The enzyme or enzymes in a reaction that may limit or
reduce the products of a reaction if interrupted
✔✔What is the key enzyme in glycogenesis? - ✔✔glucokinase/hexokinase
✔✔allosteric regulation - ✔✔When a enzymes function at one site is affected by the
binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
✔✔Non-competitive inhibition - ✔✔when one substrate or inhibitor changes the
structure of of the enzyme stopping the other from binding, inhibiting decreases the
speed of the reaction
, ✔✔Can glucokinase or hexokinase be inhibited by allosteric means? - ✔✔Only
hexokinase
✔✔What is the key enzyme in glycogenolysis? - ✔✔glycogen phosphorylase
✔✔What are two allosterically regulated enzymes that found in the skeletal muscle? -
✔✔hexokinase and phosphofructokinase
✔✔In glycogenolysis, when does glucose become free glucose? (Dephosphorylated) -
✔✔after it goes to the liver, only organ (kidney can but not much) that can
dephosphorylate glucose
✔✔In the process of cleaving glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis) to lactic acid, how
many ATP are produced and why this number? - ✔✔3, this is because glycogenolysis
only spends 1 atp in the first step, so after it makes 4 atp, it has a total of three atp
made
✔✔What occurs in the entry step for the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔Pyruvate loses a carbon,
becomes acetyl CoA
✔✔Why do we need oxaloaceatate from glucose? - ✔✔Without a steady supply we
wouldn't not be able to repeat the Krebs cycle
✔✔What is the overall reaction products from the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔3 NADH, 1 FADH2,
and 1 ATP (Times 2)
✔✔Which foods are abundant in pectin? - ✔✔fruits
✔✔What kind of fibers may apply to healthy protection against heart disease? -
✔✔viscous fibers
✔✔What are the products of secondary metabolism in plants? - ✔✔Secondary
metabolites
✔✔The content of phytochemical in plants are variable, usually increased in response
to environmental stress? TF? - ✔✔True
✔✔According to the Dietary Supplement & Health Education Act of 1994, you need
these two statements for nutraceuticals. - ✔✔It has not been evaluated by the FDA and
it is not intended to diagnose cure or treat diseases
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the most common DIGESTIBLE polysaccharide? - ✔✔Strach, 20%=
amylose 80%= amylopectin
✔✔When pancreatic amylase acts on amylopectin, the products are - ✔✔Maltose and
isomaltose
✔✔Which GLUT transporter requires insulin for activation and is responsible for
lowering glucose levels? - ✔✔GLUT 4
✔✔What starts the digestion of starches? - ✔✔amylase in the mouth
✔✔How will glucose be release in amylopectin? - ✔✔from the nonreducing ends first
✔✔What can't cellulose be digested? - ✔✔the B-1,4 linkage can non-breakable by
human enzymes
✔✔What bonds can the body break? - ✔✔alpha 1-6 and 1-4
✔✔Why does aerobic metabolism create more ATP than anaerobic? - ✔✔aerobic
metabolism occurs in the mitochondria, which can oxidize
✔✔Where does anaerobic reactions happen? - ✔✔intestinal, white muscle, and red
blood cells
✔✔Where do aerobic reactions occur? - ✔✔Brain, red muscle, heart and liver cells
✔✔Which muscle cell type uses anaerobic metabolism? - ✔✔white muscle fiber
✔✔What is a key enzyme? - ✔✔The enzyme or enzymes in a reaction that may limit or
reduce the products of a reaction if interrupted
✔✔What is the key enzyme in glycogenesis? - ✔✔glucokinase/hexokinase
✔✔allosteric regulation - ✔✔When a enzymes function at one site is affected by the
binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
✔✔Non-competitive inhibition - ✔✔when one substrate or inhibitor changes the
structure of of the enzyme stopping the other from binding, inhibiting decreases the
speed of the reaction
, ✔✔Can glucokinase or hexokinase be inhibited by allosteric means? - ✔✔Only
hexokinase
✔✔What is the key enzyme in glycogenolysis? - ✔✔glycogen phosphorylase
✔✔What are two allosterically regulated enzymes that found in the skeletal muscle? -
✔✔hexokinase and phosphofructokinase
✔✔In glycogenolysis, when does glucose become free glucose? (Dephosphorylated) -
✔✔after it goes to the liver, only organ (kidney can but not much) that can
dephosphorylate glucose
✔✔In the process of cleaving glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis) to lactic acid, how
many ATP are produced and why this number? - ✔✔3, this is because glycogenolysis
only spends 1 atp in the first step, so after it makes 4 atp, it has a total of three atp
made
✔✔What occurs in the entry step for the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔Pyruvate loses a carbon,
becomes acetyl CoA
✔✔Why do we need oxaloaceatate from glucose? - ✔✔Without a steady supply we
wouldn't not be able to repeat the Krebs cycle
✔✔What is the overall reaction products from the Krebs cycle? - ✔✔3 NADH, 1 FADH2,
and 1 ATP (Times 2)
✔✔Which foods are abundant in pectin? - ✔✔fruits
✔✔What kind of fibers may apply to healthy protection against heart disease? -
✔✔viscous fibers
✔✔What are the products of secondary metabolism in plants? - ✔✔Secondary
metabolites
✔✔The content of phytochemical in plants are variable, usually increased in response
to environmental stress? TF? - ✔✔True
✔✔According to the Dietary Supplement & Health Education Act of 1994, you need
these two statements for nutraceuticals. - ✔✔It has not been evaluated by the FDA and
it is not intended to diagnose cure or treat diseases
