FNDH 620 EVALUATION TEST 2025/2026 QUESTION AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Mucosal phase - ✔✔-Within SI mucosal cells micelles diffuse to surface
-Free FA and monoglycerides absorbed by passive diffusion
-Longer chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are resynthesized into triglycerides and
exit via the lymph system (chylomicrons)
-Short and medium chain FA exit through capillary
✔✔Secretory phase - ✔✔Chylomicrons dischared through lacteal
Short chain fatty acids go through portal vein
✔✔What is CCK's role in fat digestion - ✔✔Controls release of pancreatic lipases
✔✔What is the basic function of lipase? - ✔✔Break down fats
✔✔What is the basic function of phospholipase? - ✔✔Hydrolyzes FAs from
phospholipids
✔✔What is the point of digestion of lipids and emulsification by bile? - ✔✔Intraluminal
✔✔Describe what happens once lipids enter the enterocyte - ✔✔Micelles are broken
down, FA converted to TG, exit lacteal as chylomicron
Glycerol goes through Portal vein
✔✔What molecule transports most dietary lipid in the lymph system? - ✔✔Chylomicron
✔✔Primary cellular site of fatty acid oxidation - ✔✔Mitochondrial matrix
✔✔Describe the Carnitine transport system and what it transports - ✔✔Transports long-
chain fatty acids
CPTI is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, CPTII is located on the inner
mitochondrial membrane. The fatty acid is first activated by addition of a CoA (forming
acyl-CoA), then CPTI adds carnitine. Acyl-Carnitine is then transported into the
mitochondrial matrix with the assistance of the enzyme translocase. In the matrix, CPTII
removes carnitine from the activated fatty acid (acyl-CoA). Carnitine is recycled back
into the cytosol to be used again
✔✔β- oxidation of fatty acids - what happens per turn of the cycle, products, etc. -
✔✔Reduces even-chain FA to acetyl CoA, odd-chain FA to propionyl CoA
Loss of Hydrogens
Addition of Water
Loss of Hydrogen
, Addition of CoA
Products: FADH2, NADH, Acetyl CoA
✔✔Lipoproteins - ✔✔Transport lipids in the blood
✔✔How are lipoproteins classified? - ✔✔Classified by density and TG/protein ratio
✔✔Chylomicron
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔absorption of dietary triglycerides and cholesterol and
transport in blood
Lipoprotein Lipase in capillaries, remnants brought to liver
✔✔VLDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔transport of endogenously produced triglycerides and
cholesterol and those derived from chylomicrons
Acting upon Lipoprotein Lipase to form LDL
✔✔LDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔Deliver cholesterol to cells
70% removed by liver, 30% cells
✔✔HDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔reverse cholesterol transport back to liver
LCAT helps to absorb cholesterol
✔✔Function of lipoprotein lipase - ✔✔Removal of TG to increase density of molecule
✔✔Ketone bodies are primarily formed as a result of what? - ✔✔Breakdown of fatty
acids for fuel
✔✔Define eicosanoids - ✔✔Biochemical produced by long-chain FA that effects
physioogy
✔✔Prostaglandins - ✔✔Hormone-like
Mediate physiological functions
Smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, body temp, etc.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Mucosal phase - ✔✔-Within SI mucosal cells micelles diffuse to surface
-Free FA and monoglycerides absorbed by passive diffusion
-Longer chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are resynthesized into triglycerides and
exit via the lymph system (chylomicrons)
-Short and medium chain FA exit through capillary
✔✔Secretory phase - ✔✔Chylomicrons dischared through lacteal
Short chain fatty acids go through portal vein
✔✔What is CCK's role in fat digestion - ✔✔Controls release of pancreatic lipases
✔✔What is the basic function of lipase? - ✔✔Break down fats
✔✔What is the basic function of phospholipase? - ✔✔Hydrolyzes FAs from
phospholipids
✔✔What is the point of digestion of lipids and emulsification by bile? - ✔✔Intraluminal
✔✔Describe what happens once lipids enter the enterocyte - ✔✔Micelles are broken
down, FA converted to TG, exit lacteal as chylomicron
Glycerol goes through Portal vein
✔✔What molecule transports most dietary lipid in the lymph system? - ✔✔Chylomicron
✔✔Primary cellular site of fatty acid oxidation - ✔✔Mitochondrial matrix
✔✔Describe the Carnitine transport system and what it transports - ✔✔Transports long-
chain fatty acids
CPTI is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, CPTII is located on the inner
mitochondrial membrane. The fatty acid is first activated by addition of a CoA (forming
acyl-CoA), then CPTI adds carnitine. Acyl-Carnitine is then transported into the
mitochondrial matrix with the assistance of the enzyme translocase. In the matrix, CPTII
removes carnitine from the activated fatty acid (acyl-CoA). Carnitine is recycled back
into the cytosol to be used again
✔✔β- oxidation of fatty acids - what happens per turn of the cycle, products, etc. -
✔✔Reduces even-chain FA to acetyl CoA, odd-chain FA to propionyl CoA
Loss of Hydrogens
Addition of Water
Loss of Hydrogen
, Addition of CoA
Products: FADH2, NADH, Acetyl CoA
✔✔Lipoproteins - ✔✔Transport lipids in the blood
✔✔How are lipoproteins classified? - ✔✔Classified by density and TG/protein ratio
✔✔Chylomicron
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔absorption of dietary triglycerides and cholesterol and
transport in blood
Lipoprotein Lipase in capillaries, remnants brought to liver
✔✔VLDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔transport of endogenously produced triglycerides and
cholesterol and those derived from chylomicrons
Acting upon Lipoprotein Lipase to form LDL
✔✔LDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔Deliver cholesterol to cells
70% removed by liver, 30% cells
✔✔HDL
Function and Metabolism - ✔✔reverse cholesterol transport back to liver
LCAT helps to absorb cholesterol
✔✔Function of lipoprotein lipase - ✔✔Removal of TG to increase density of molecule
✔✔Ketone bodies are primarily formed as a result of what? - ✔✔Breakdown of fatty
acids for fuel
✔✔Define eicosanoids - ✔✔Biochemical produced by long-chain FA that effects
physioogy
✔✔Prostaglandins - ✔✔Hormone-like
Mediate physiological functions
Smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, body temp, etc.
