MPH 6011 EXAM 7 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?
(A) Disease registers
(B) Vital statistics
(C) Special survey study
(D) Hospital clinic statistics
1. What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?
(B) Vital statistics
Data are routinely collected on all deaths that occur in the US through death certificates. Death
certificates record the age at death, and are reported through the vital statistics registration
system.
References: Friis and Sellers; pp. 190-191 | Last et al.; p. 187
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?
(A) Male Births / Male + Female Births
(B) Female Births / Male + Female Births
(C) Male Births / Female Births
(D) Stillbirths / Male + Female Births
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?
(C) Male Births / Female Births
A ratio is defined as "the value obtained by dividing one quantity by another; a general term of
which rate, proportion, percentage, etc. are subsets."
References: Last et al.; p. 152 | Friis and Sellers; p. 89
Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
(B) Females greater than males
(C) Males equal to females
(D) Males equal to females in the first years of life
,Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
Males generally have higher all-cause age-specific mortality rates than femalesfrom birth to age
85 and older; in 2003, the ratio of male to female age-specific deaths was 1.4 to 1.
References: Hebel and McCarter; p. 20 | Friis and Sellers; pp. 134-138
Morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
(B) Females greater than males
(C) Males equal to females
(D) Males equal to females in the first years of life
Morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences:
(B) Females greater than males
This is known as the female paradox: females have lower mortality but higher morbidity rates for
acute and chronic conditions.
Reference: Friis and Sellers; p. 136
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:
(A) High prevalence
(B) High validity
(C) Low case fatality
(D) Low prevalence
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:
(D) Low prevalence
The case control design is desirable when disease occurrence is rare, becasue if a cohort study
were used in such a circumstance, a very large number of people would have to be followed to
generate enoigh people with the disease for study.
References: Hebel and McCarter; pp. 106-107, 118 | Friis and Sellers; pp. 243-247 | Kleinbaum
et al.; pp. 31-32
Comparison of mortality rates due to cancer of the uterus in users and non-users of
supplemental estrogen revealed the following mortality rates per 100,000:
, Age Users of estrogen Non-users of estrogen
45-54 3.0 1.0
55-70 17.0 6.0
A valid conclusion derived from the above data concerning mortality among estrogen users
is:
(A) The mortality rates for cancer of the uterus are higher in estrogen users than non-users
in both age groups studied
(B) A causal relationship is demonstrated between the use of estrogen and incidence of
uterine cancer
(C) Mortality from cancer of the uterus rises with age regardless of whether estrogen is
used
(D) The mortality rate is lower in non-users than users because the symptoms of uterine
cancer are detected earlier in the former group of women
Comparison of mortality rates due to cancer of the uterus in users and non-users of supplemental
estrogen revealed the following mortality rates per 100,000:
Age Users of estrogen Non-users of estrogen
45-54 3.0 1.0
55-70 17.0 6.0
A valid conclusion derived from the above data concerning mortality among estrogen users is:
(A) The mortality rates for cancer of the uterus are higher in estrogen users than non-users in
both age groups studied
A causal relationship cannot be demonstrated based on the results of a single study; the mortality
rate is higher in users for both age groups.
References: Friis and Sellers; pp. 110-112, 132-134 | Hebel and McCarter; pp. 17-22 |
Kleinbaum et al.; pp. 64-66
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?
(A) Disease registers
(B) Vital statistics
(C) Special survey study
(D) Hospital clinic statistics
1. What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?
(B) Vital statistics
Data are routinely collected on all deaths that occur in the US through death certificates. Death
certificates record the age at death, and are reported through the vital statistics registration
system.
References: Friis and Sellers; pp. 190-191 | Last et al.; p. 187
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?
(A) Male Births / Male + Female Births
(B) Female Births / Male + Female Births
(C) Male Births / Female Births
(D) Stillbirths / Male + Female Births
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?
(C) Male Births / Female Births
A ratio is defined as "the value obtained by dividing one quantity by another; a general term of
which rate, proportion, percentage, etc. are subsets."
References: Last et al.; p. 152 | Friis and Sellers; p. 89
Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
(B) Females greater than males
(C) Males equal to females
(D) Males equal to females in the first years of life
,Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
Males generally have higher all-cause age-specific mortality rates than femalesfrom birth to age
85 and older; in 2003, the ratio of male to female age-specific deaths was 1.4 to 1.
References: Hebel and McCarter; p. 20 | Friis and Sellers; pp. 134-138
Morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences:
(A) Males greater than females
(B) Females greater than males
(C) Males equal to females
(D) Males equal to females in the first years of life
Morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences:
(B) Females greater than males
This is known as the female paradox: females have lower mortality but higher morbidity rates for
acute and chronic conditions.
Reference: Friis and Sellers; p. 136
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:
(A) High prevalence
(B) High validity
(C) Low case fatality
(D) Low prevalence
Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:
(D) Low prevalence
The case control design is desirable when disease occurrence is rare, becasue if a cohort study
were used in such a circumstance, a very large number of people would have to be followed to
generate enoigh people with the disease for study.
References: Hebel and McCarter; pp. 106-107, 118 | Friis and Sellers; pp. 243-247 | Kleinbaum
et al.; pp. 31-32
Comparison of mortality rates due to cancer of the uterus in users and non-users of
supplemental estrogen revealed the following mortality rates per 100,000:
, Age Users of estrogen Non-users of estrogen
45-54 3.0 1.0
55-70 17.0 6.0
A valid conclusion derived from the above data concerning mortality among estrogen users
is:
(A) The mortality rates for cancer of the uterus are higher in estrogen users than non-users
in both age groups studied
(B) A causal relationship is demonstrated between the use of estrogen and incidence of
uterine cancer
(C) Mortality from cancer of the uterus rises with age regardless of whether estrogen is
used
(D) The mortality rate is lower in non-users than users because the symptoms of uterine
cancer are detected earlier in the former group of women
Comparison of mortality rates due to cancer of the uterus in users and non-users of supplemental
estrogen revealed the following mortality rates per 100,000:
Age Users of estrogen Non-users of estrogen
45-54 3.0 1.0
55-70 17.0 6.0
A valid conclusion derived from the above data concerning mortality among estrogen users is:
(A) The mortality rates for cancer of the uterus are higher in estrogen users than non-users in
both age groups studied
A causal relationship cannot be demonstrated based on the results of a single study; the mortality
rate is higher in users for both age groups.
References: Friis and Sellers; pp. 110-112, 132-134 | Hebel and McCarter; pp. 17-22 |
Kleinbaum et al.; pp. 64-66
