PSIO 305 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
An |increase |in |ALL |of |the |following |would |suggest |trophic |communication |or |support |EXCEPT:
1.# |of |dendrites |& |synaptic |terminals
2.Size |of |primary |sensory |cortex |area |receiving |input |from |finger
3.Rate |of |respiration |with |exercise
4.Density |of |glial |cells |in |memory |areas |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.Rate |of |respiration |with |
exercise
a |"Do |" |communication: |a |relatively |short |term |'call |to |action' |(activation) |of |the |respiratory |
muscles |to |meet |the |immediate |demands |of |exercise: |increased |need |of |oxygen |and |removal |
of |CO2.T |he |remainder |are |longer |term |responses |to |trophic |input, |promoting |structural
|and/or |functional |changes |in |the |cells |or |tissues |involved
What |is |systemic |communication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Response |to |momentary |stimulus |
or |demand; |can |be |Acute |or |short-term |in |order |to |maintain |homeostasis
-May |be |an |integrated |system |response
What |is |trophic |communication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Promotes |cell |growth, |
differentiation, |survival
-Long |term |(or |longer) |effects
-Robust |phenomenon
-sensitive |to |changes |in |age, |activity, |pathology, |and |nutrition
What |do |Trophic |Interactions |between |Cells |& |Tissues |promote? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Growth, |Differentiation, |& |Survival
,What |are |the |differences |between |fast |and |slow |synapses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fast- |
Activate |ion |channels |(ionotropic), |Current |flow/voltage |change
Slow- |Binds |to |G-protein |coupled |receptors |(GPCR)(metabotropic), |Downstream, |slower |and |
more |long |lasting |effect
What |is |the |effect |of |dopamine |on |fast |and |slow |synapses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fast- |
Activate |ion |channels, |In |Basal |Ganglia, |Affects |movement |planning |"Do" |communication, |but |
can |be |'trophic' |as |well
Slow- |Binds |to |GPCR, |In |Hypothalamus, |Involved |in |hunger, |thirst, |temp |regulation, |Trophic
What |are |the |trophic |importances |of |glia |cells |(neuroglia)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
•Regulation |of |environment- |Ion |channels, |Transporters |
•Regulation |of |growth |via |release |of |glia-derived |growth |factor
(also |supportive |and |help |insulate)
how |do |you |'know' |how |strong |the |stimulus |is? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rate |coding: |AP |
frequency |is |proportional |to |stimulus |intensity
-Greater |open |time |or |distortion |of |channel: |> |greater |ion |flux |and |voltage |changes, |> |
potential |for |reaching |threshold, |increased |# |of |action |potentials
How |to |indicate |character |of |stimulus? |(i.e, |how |do |you |'know' |the |speed |of |onset |or |rate |of |
adaptation?) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pattern |Coding: |Pattern |Indicates |type |of |stimulus |and |
responsiveness |of |sensory |receptor
What |is |temporal |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•a |single |source |
•With |multiple |signals
•Over |a |short |time
•Voltage |change |builds
, What |is |spatial |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Simultaneous |arrival |of |multiple |inputs, |
Spatially |separated
-if |one |at |a |time: |small |voltage |change |for |each |channel |alone
-If |simultaneous: |Voltage |change |reflects |the |sum |of |the |ion |flux |through |all |theopen |
channels.
What |is |the |result |of |both |temporal |and |spatial |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Both |
types |of |summation: |increase |release |of |NT's, |open |channel |time, |ion |flux |and |voltage |change
What |is |a |motor |unit |and |what |does |it |consist |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Smallest |
functional |unit |for |voluntary |force |production
•Consists |of: |Motoneuron, |the |subset |of |muscle |fibers |it |innervates
With |aging, |there |is |a |loss |of |motor |neurons |and |a |subsequent |loss |of |motor |units |(MU). |The |
remaining |motor |neurons |often |'pick |up' |new |fibers, |providing |innervation |to |some |of |the |
abandoned |muscle |fibers. |This |new |MU |arrangement |might |lead |to |which |of |the |following |in |
the |elderly? |
1.Increased |overall |strength
2.Increased |proprioception
3.Decreased |precision |of |movement
4.Decreased |ability |for |temporal |summation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.Decreased |precision |of
|movement |
Remaining |MU's |are |larger, |reducing |ability |to |finely |increase |or |decrease |forces |for |movement
|control |and |adjustments
What |are |muscle |Fiber |types |categorized |based |on? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Contractile |
speed
•Fiber |diameter |
•Metabolic |preferences
Answers
An |increase |in |ALL |of |the |following |would |suggest |trophic |communication |or |support |EXCEPT:
1.# |of |dendrites |& |synaptic |terminals
2.Size |of |primary |sensory |cortex |area |receiving |input |from |finger
3.Rate |of |respiration |with |exercise
4.Density |of |glial |cells |in |memory |areas |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.Rate |of |respiration |with |
exercise
a |"Do |" |communication: |a |relatively |short |term |'call |to |action' |(activation) |of |the |respiratory |
muscles |to |meet |the |immediate |demands |of |exercise: |increased |need |of |oxygen |and |removal |
of |CO2.T |he |remainder |are |longer |term |responses |to |trophic |input, |promoting |structural
|and/or |functional |changes |in |the |cells |or |tissues |involved
What |is |systemic |communication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Response |to |momentary |stimulus |
or |demand; |can |be |Acute |or |short-term |in |order |to |maintain |homeostasis
-May |be |an |integrated |system |response
What |is |trophic |communication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Promotes |cell |growth, |
differentiation, |survival
-Long |term |(or |longer) |effects
-Robust |phenomenon
-sensitive |to |changes |in |age, |activity, |pathology, |and |nutrition
What |do |Trophic |Interactions |between |Cells |& |Tissues |promote? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Growth, |Differentiation, |& |Survival
,What |are |the |differences |between |fast |and |slow |synapses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fast- |
Activate |ion |channels |(ionotropic), |Current |flow/voltage |change
Slow- |Binds |to |G-protein |coupled |receptors |(GPCR)(metabotropic), |Downstream, |slower |and |
more |long |lasting |effect
What |is |the |effect |of |dopamine |on |fast |and |slow |synapses? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fast- |
Activate |ion |channels, |In |Basal |Ganglia, |Affects |movement |planning |"Do" |communication, |but |
can |be |'trophic' |as |well
Slow- |Binds |to |GPCR, |In |Hypothalamus, |Involved |in |hunger, |thirst, |temp |regulation, |Trophic
What |are |the |trophic |importances |of |glia |cells |(neuroglia)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
•Regulation |of |environment- |Ion |channels, |Transporters |
•Regulation |of |growth |via |release |of |glia-derived |growth |factor
(also |supportive |and |help |insulate)
how |do |you |'know' |how |strong |the |stimulus |is? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rate |coding: |AP |
frequency |is |proportional |to |stimulus |intensity
-Greater |open |time |or |distortion |of |channel: |> |greater |ion |flux |and |voltage |changes, |> |
potential |for |reaching |threshold, |increased |# |of |action |potentials
How |to |indicate |character |of |stimulus? |(i.e, |how |do |you |'know' |the |speed |of |onset |or |rate |of |
adaptation?) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pattern |Coding: |Pattern |Indicates |type |of |stimulus |and |
responsiveness |of |sensory |receptor
What |is |temporal |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•a |single |source |
•With |multiple |signals
•Over |a |short |time
•Voltage |change |builds
, What |is |spatial |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Simultaneous |arrival |of |multiple |inputs, |
Spatially |separated
-if |one |at |a |time: |small |voltage |change |for |each |channel |alone
-If |simultaneous: |Voltage |change |reflects |the |sum |of |the |ion |flux |through |all |theopen |
channels.
What |is |the |result |of |both |temporal |and |spatial |summation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Both |
types |of |summation: |increase |release |of |NT's, |open |channel |time, |ion |flux |and |voltage |change
What |is |a |motor |unit |and |what |does |it |consist |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Smallest |
functional |unit |for |voluntary |force |production
•Consists |of: |Motoneuron, |the |subset |of |muscle |fibers |it |innervates
With |aging, |there |is |a |loss |of |motor |neurons |and |a |subsequent |loss |of |motor |units |(MU). |The |
remaining |motor |neurons |often |'pick |up' |new |fibers, |providing |innervation |to |some |of |the |
abandoned |muscle |fibers. |This |new |MU |arrangement |might |lead |to |which |of |the |following |in |
the |elderly? |
1.Increased |overall |strength
2.Increased |proprioception
3.Decreased |precision |of |movement
4.Decreased |ability |for |temporal |summation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.Decreased |precision |of
|movement |
Remaining |MU's |are |larger, |reducing |ability |to |finely |increase |or |decrease |forces |for |movement
|control |and |adjustments
What |are |muscle |Fiber |types |categorized |based |on? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-•Contractile |
speed
•Fiber |diameter |
•Metabolic |preferences
