PSIO 305 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
what |is |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |tendency |of |animals |to |maintain |a |
constancy |in |their |internal |environment
animals |maintain |constancy |in |their |internal |environment |against |a |change |in |what? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-external |environment
does |homeostasis |occur |in |an |open |or |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |closed |
system
why |is |the |human |body |considered |a |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |human |
body |is |held |isolated |from |the |environment
what |happens |where |there |is |a |change |in |a |variable |in |a |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |closed |system |responds
what |are |two |types |of |feedback |circuits |that |closed |systems |can |use |to |respond |to |a |change |in
|a |variable? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |negative |feedback |loops
2. |positive |feedback |loops
which |feedback |circuit |is |the |most |important |for |the |maintenance |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-negative |feedback |loops
what |is |a |negative |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-changes |in |monitored |parameter |
causes |control |mechanism |to |work |to |counteract |further |changes |of |the |parameter |in |the |
same |direction
,what |is |the |result |of |a |negative |feedback |circuit? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |change |in |the |
variable/parameter |triggers |a |reversal |of |the |detected |change
what |is |a |positive |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-changes |in |a |monitored |parameter |
causes |control |mechanism |to |work |to |amplify |the |changes |of |the |parameter |in |the |same |
direction
what |is |the |result |of |a |positive |feedback |circuit? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |change |in |the |
variable/parameter |triggers |an |amplification |of |the |detected |change
what |are |the |5 |steps |for |the |mechanism |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |stimulus
2. |receptors
3. |control |center.
4. |effector
5. |response
what |detects |changes |in |parameters |of |the |internal |or |external |environment |and |collects |
information? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-receptors
what |is |the |function |of |the |control |center? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |processes |and |
interprets |the |information |gathered |by |the |receptors |and |sends |a |response |to |the |effectors
what |are |2 |major |control |systems |(think |organ |systems) |that |are |involved |in |homeostasis? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |nervous |system
2. |endocrine |system
which |of |the |2 |major |control |systems |(nervous |or |endocrine) |results |in |a |faster |response? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nervous |system |(endocrine |system |has |a |slower |response, |but |its |
effects |are |more |long-term)
,what |is |the |function |of |the |effector? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |adjust |the |regulated |
parameter |via |positive |or |negative |feedback |circuits
what |comprises |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |collection |of |nerves |and |
neurons |that |transmit |signals |between |organ |systems
what |are |the |2 |main |functions |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |integration
2. |control
what |comprises |the |endocrine |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ductless |glands |that |release |
hormones |into |the |blood |or |the |lymph
what |is |a |hormone? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chemical |messenger
what |are |the |2 |types |of |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |water-soluble |hormones
2. |fat-soluble |hormones
what |are |water-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |are |hormones |that |require |
extracellular |receptors |because |they |cannot |diffuse |across |the |lipid |bilayer
water-soluble |hormones |result |in |what |type |of |response? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |result |
in |a |cytoplasmic |response |by |altering |existing |proteins
what |are |fat-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |are |hormones |that |can |diffuse |
across |the |lipid |bilayer |and |do |not |require |extracellular |receptors
, where |are |the |receptors |of |the |fat-soluble |hormones |located? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-usually
|located |on |the |genome |of |the |cell
fat-soluble |hormones |result |in |what |type |of |response? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |result |in |
a |gene |response |by |transcribing |and |translating |new |proteins
which |has |a |faster |response: |water-soluble |or |fat-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
water-soluble |hormones |because |fat-soluble |hormones |require |the |transcription |and |
translation |of |new |proteins
what |are |4 |examples |of |variables/parameters |that |are |under |homeostatic |control? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |blood |glucose
2. |blood |calcium
3. |pH |regulation
4. |energy |balance
what |is |the |equation |for |energy |balance? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intakeE |- |fecalE |- |urinaryE |=
|metabolizableE
what |happens |to |chemical |energy |(from |food) |that |is |ingested? |(2 |possibilities) |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |some |of |it |is |absorbed |(intakeE)
2. |some |of |it |is |lost |in |the |feces |(fecalE)
what |happens |to |chemical |energy |that |is |absorbed? |(2 |possibilities) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
1. |some |of |it |is |converted |into |metabolizable |energy |(metabolizableE)
2. |some |of |it |is |lost |in |the |urine |(urinaryE)
what |is |the |goal |of |regulating |blood |calcium |(i.e. |calcium |homeostasis)? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-to |keep |blood |calcium |in |a |normal |range
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
what |is |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |tendency |of |animals |to |maintain |a |
constancy |in |their |internal |environment
animals |maintain |constancy |in |their |internal |environment |against |a |change |in |what? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-external |environment
does |homeostasis |occur |in |an |open |or |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |closed |
system
why |is |the |human |body |considered |a |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |human |
body |is |held |isolated |from |the |environment
what |happens |where |there |is |a |change |in |a |variable |in |a |closed |system? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |closed |system |responds
what |are |two |types |of |feedback |circuits |that |closed |systems |can |use |to |respond |to |a |change |in
|a |variable? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |negative |feedback |loops
2. |positive |feedback |loops
which |feedback |circuit |is |the |most |important |for |the |maintenance |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-negative |feedback |loops
what |is |a |negative |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-changes |in |monitored |parameter |
causes |control |mechanism |to |work |to |counteract |further |changes |of |the |parameter |in |the |
same |direction
,what |is |the |result |of |a |negative |feedback |circuit? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |change |in |the |
variable/parameter |triggers |a |reversal |of |the |detected |change
what |is |a |positive |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-changes |in |a |monitored |parameter |
causes |control |mechanism |to |work |to |amplify |the |changes |of |the |parameter |in |the |same |
direction
what |is |the |result |of |a |positive |feedback |circuit? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |change |in |the |
variable/parameter |triggers |an |amplification |of |the |detected |change
what |are |the |5 |steps |for |the |mechanism |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |stimulus
2. |receptors
3. |control |center.
4. |effector
5. |response
what |detects |changes |in |parameters |of |the |internal |or |external |environment |and |collects |
information? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-receptors
what |is |the |function |of |the |control |center? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-it |processes |and |
interprets |the |information |gathered |by |the |receptors |and |sends |a |response |to |the |effectors
what |are |2 |major |control |systems |(think |organ |systems) |that |are |involved |in |homeostasis? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |nervous |system
2. |endocrine |system
which |of |the |2 |major |control |systems |(nervous |or |endocrine) |results |in |a |faster |response? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nervous |system |(endocrine |system |has |a |slower |response, |but |its |
effects |are |more |long-term)
,what |is |the |function |of |the |effector? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |adjust |the |regulated |
parameter |via |positive |or |negative |feedback |circuits
what |comprises |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |collection |of |nerves |and |
neurons |that |transmit |signals |between |organ |systems
what |are |the |2 |main |functions |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |integration
2. |control
what |comprises |the |endocrine |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ductless |glands |that |release |
hormones |into |the |blood |or |the |lymph
what |is |a |hormone? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chemical |messenger
what |are |the |2 |types |of |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |water-soluble |hormones
2. |fat-soluble |hormones
what |are |water-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |are |hormones |that |require |
extracellular |receptors |because |they |cannot |diffuse |across |the |lipid |bilayer
water-soluble |hormones |result |in |what |type |of |response? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |result |
in |a |cytoplasmic |response |by |altering |existing |proteins
what |are |fat-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |are |hormones |that |can |diffuse |
across |the |lipid |bilayer |and |do |not |require |extracellular |receptors
, where |are |the |receptors |of |the |fat-soluble |hormones |located? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-usually
|located |on |the |genome |of |the |cell
fat-soluble |hormones |result |in |what |type |of |response? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |result |in |
a |gene |response |by |transcribing |and |translating |new |proteins
which |has |a |faster |response: |water-soluble |or |fat-soluble |hormones? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
water-soluble |hormones |because |fat-soluble |hormones |require |the |transcription |and |
translation |of |new |proteins
what |are |4 |examples |of |variables/parameters |that |are |under |homeostatic |control? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |blood |glucose
2. |blood |calcium
3. |pH |regulation
4. |energy |balance
what |is |the |equation |for |energy |balance? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intakeE |- |fecalE |- |urinaryE |=
|metabolizableE
what |happens |to |chemical |energy |(from |food) |that |is |ingested? |(2 |possibilities) |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |some |of |it |is |absorbed |(intakeE)
2. |some |of |it |is |lost |in |the |feces |(fecalE)
what |happens |to |chemical |energy |that |is |absorbed? |(2 |possibilities) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
1. |some |of |it |is |converted |into |metabolizable |energy |(metabolizableE)
2. |some |of |it |is |lost |in |the |urine |(urinaryE)
what |is |the |goal |of |regulating |blood |calcium |(i.e. |calcium |homeostasis)? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-to |keep |blood |calcium |in |a |normal |range
