BIOD 351- Pharm- Final Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers Latest Update (2025/2026) Guaranteed Pass

BIOD 351- Pharm- Final Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers Latest Update (2025/2026) Guaranteed Pass characteristics that describe a specialty drug - ANSWER - high costn- complex treatmentn- special handling, storage, deliveryn- limited/exclusive availability for distributionsn- treat rare diseasesn- treat long-term/severe side effects or increased fatality diseasesn- payer may define what they consider to be a specialty medn- biologically derived and available on injections, infusion, or oral form common additional req that SPECIALITY PHARMACY must offer - ANSWER - coordinate care and facilitate drug accessn- facilitate mail order delivery logisticsn- work w. health insurances to determine coveragen- investigate pt assistance programs for those w/o insurancen- case management- disease state managementn- data managementn- call center development process pt would need to follow in order to obtain a specialty med - ANSWER - Rx would be send to specialty pharmn- Specialty pharm would be responsible in making sure patient receives medication, knows the risks, is able to afford it, take responsibly.n- connected with a case manager on a monthly basis to make sure there are no issues with the medicationsn- happens every month prior to sending out the next month's worth of medications to minimize waste, ensure safety, and assess for efficacy most chronic disease states that are treated with specialty medications - ANSWER - oncologyn- multiple sclerosisn- rheumatoid arthritisn- Crohn's diseasen- hepatitis Cn- HIV/AIDs description of the basic disease process including common symptoms of following disease states: Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, Hepatitis C, and HIV - ANSWER - RA- chronic autoimmune disease causing inflammation and tissure damage to cell; pain, stiffness, reduced ROMnn- MS- disrupts flow of info within brain and btw brain and body; fatigue, difficulty walking, stiffness, weakness, pain, depressionnn- Crohn's Disease- inflammatory bowel disease; abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, malnutritionnn- Hep C- viral infection causing liver inflammation that can lead to liver disease; bleeding and bruising easily, dark urine, fatigue, confusionnn- HIV - retrovirus that attacks immune syst.; destroy CD4 cells (T cells) and pt no longer able to fight off bateria Define the following terms related to the immune system: Humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, Antibodies, T-cells and cytokines. - ANSWER - Humural immunity- immune response mediated by B cells, production of antibodies that target specific agentsnn- cell mediated immunity - in collaboration with humoral and its mediated by T- cellnn- antibodies- molecules that have the ability to bind to and inactivate antigen moleculesnn- T-cells- T lymphocytes that act through the production of cytokinesnnCytokines - non-antibody products Describe the impact on the immune system of the more common immunomodulating drugs such as: interferons, anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, interleukins (specifically IL-2). - ANSWER - Interferons: have three different effects on the immune system and can restore function if it's not working properlynn- IL-2: restores immune response by binding to receptor sites on T-Cellsnn- anti-TFN monoclonal antibodies: designated to attack certain aspects of immune system List two of the new hepatitis C treatment options and describe how they improve previous treatment options. - ANSWER Harvoni and Viekira Pak.nn- targets the hepatitis C virus specificallyn- chance for a cure is now close to 96%n- treatment is not chronicn- treatment: 8-12 weeks long Explain what the HIV virus does once it enters the body. - ANSWER HIV is a retrovirus. Takes over the process of DNA transcription Explain why it is not recommended to treat HIV with only one medication. - ANSWER monotherapy cant counter development of of drug resistance and missed dose can quickly lead to a poor outcome List the primary antiretroviral classes covered in this module and provide a brief description at how they target the HIV virus. - ANSWER - NRTIs- incoorperate self into DNA and inhibit reverse transcriptasenn- NNRITS- bind to enzyme and reverse transcriptasenn- Protase Inhibitors- inhibits protasenn- intergrase inhibitor- blocks integrase enzymenn- fusion inhibitor- prevents complete fusion of HIV to host cell HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy). - ANSWER (highly active antiretroviral therapy). nnconsists of three antiretrovirals taken in combination Thiazide diuretics - ANSWER This antihypertensive acts by decreasing plasma and extracellular fluid volumes, which decreases the preload and leads to a decrease in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. ACE-inhibitors - ANSWER It prevents angiotensin I from being converted to angiotensin II. Since angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, it also stimulates the reabsorption of water and sodium into the body. Both of these actions raise blood pressure. Therefore, by blocking, blood pressure is reduced.