NTR 301 Midterm 1 Study Guide: Core Principles of Nutrition, Digestion, and Nutrient Metabolism

NTR 301 Midterm 1 Study Guide: Core Principles of Nutrition, Digestion, and Nutrient MetabolismNTR 301 Midterm 1 Study Guide: Core Principles of Nutrition, Digestion, and Nutrient MetabolismNTR 301 Midterm 1 Study Guide: Core Principles of Nutrition, Digestion, and Nutrient MetabolismNTR 301 Midterm 1 Study Guide: Core Principles of Nutrition, Digestion, and Nutrient Metabolism 1. Phytonutrients: phyto: plant found in fruits and vegetables, not necessary for life but protect against disease 2. How many essential nutrients are there?: 45 3. Name the 4 macronutrients:: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water 4. Name the 2 micronutrients:: vitamins and minerals 5. Main function of macronutrients?: supply us with energy (besides water) 6. Units of energy for food?: calorie 7. Calorie: unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise 1g of water by 1 C measures potential energy within foods macronutrients 8. Nutrition: the process of being nourished or nourishment process by which a living organism assimilates and uses food 9. Assimilate: to take in, digest, and transform into living tissue 10. nourish: to provide with substances necessary for life and growth 11. What provides the nourishment?: nutrients 12. Essential nutrients: when food is the only source (or main source) of a nutrient the body cannot make it or cannot get enough of it. we must utilize our diet 13. Example of essential nutrients: vitamin C -can lead to deficiency disease, scurvy 14. Example of a non-essential nutrient: cholesterol (made in liver) 15. Examples of Phytonutrients: Lycopene and Lutein (not necessarily needed to know) 16. Macro means: larger 17. Macronutrients are present in the body in amounts: relatively large 18. Macronutrient requirements daily are...: relatively high 19. Macronutrients are present in food at a rate: relatively large 20. How large is large? how many grams in an oz?: 28g in 1 oz 21. How many cal/g in lipids?: 9 cal/g 22. How many cal/g in protein?: 4 cal/g 23. How many cal/g in carbs?: 4 cal/g 24. There is one other calorie source in a diet. What is it?: alcohol (ethonol) 25. How many calories does ethanol provide?: 7 cal/g 26. Manufacturers want you to think that giving you energy means:: aware- ness/altertness/caffeine 27. Micronutrients size: millograms (mg) = 1/1000 of a gram 28. How much is a microgram (ug): 1 / 1 000 000 th of a gram 29. T or F? the b vitamin folate is required in only very small amounts (mil- ligram). That means you need to eat only very small amounts of food to get an adequate supply?: False 30. How many lbs in kg: 2.2 lbs per kg 31. how many grams is 1 lb?: 454 32. how many grams in 1 once?: 28 33. how many cups in a liter?: 4 34. how many mL in a cup: 236 35. Break food down into two categories: nutrients and phytonutrients 36. break nutrients down into two categories: essential and nonessential 37. essential?: body can't make at all or enough 38. non-essential?: body can make what is needed 39. break essential into 2 groups: macronutrients and micronutrients 40. macro?: protein, carbs, lipids, water 41. micro?: vitamins and minerals 42. Nutrient-based Dietary recommendations: fiber, protein, and all vitamins and minerals. UL.s for some vitamins and minerals protein, carbs, fat given in % of total calories each of these are split into Daily Values (used for food labeling only) 43. Food based recommendations: dietary guidlines, 44. 5 zones of intake of essential nutirents: deficient marginal optimal over-consumption excess 45. For each of these categories (5) what are the 3 characteristics of interest?- : level of intake, time frame, and outcome 46. Deficient Intake -level of intake -time frame -outcome: little or no intake over weeks to years resulting in specific set of symptoms known as deficiency diseases Examples of deficiency diseases: vitamin c -- scurvy