INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS MIDTERM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS MIDTERM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅type of moral theory according to which the rightness
and wrongness of actions is to be explained entirely in terms of the intrinsic value of the consequences
associated with either individual concrete actions or rules associated with actions



utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a consequentialist moral theory according to which
happiness has positive intrinsic value in terms of which actions are right or wrong



hedonistic utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an act that maximizes happiness and minimizes
suffering to the greatest number of humans is a right act



perfect consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅version of consequentialism that accepts a
perfectionist theory of value



act consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅any version of consequentialism according to which
it is the net intrinsic value of the consequences of particular alternative actions open to an agent in
some situation that determines the rightness or wrongness of those alternative actions



rule consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅any version of consequentialism according to which
the rightness or wrongness of some particular action that is (or might be) performed in some situation
depends on the acceptance value of the rule corresponding to the action in question. A right action is
one falling under a rule with at least as high an acceptance value as any other rule governing the
situation in question



natural law theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The theory that morality is a function of human nature
and reason can discover valid moral principles by looking at the nature of humanity and society



four basic intrinsic goods of natural law theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅human knowledge, human
procreation, human life, human sociability



doctrine of double effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅composed of a set of provisions under which it is
morally permissible to knowingly bring about evil in the pursuit of the good

, kantian moral theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅moral theory that features the notions of respect for
persons and universality



golden rule - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅do unto others as you would have them do unto you



categorical imperatives - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅fundamental moral principle in kantian moral
theory that is employed in reasoning about moral issues, taking the forms Universal Law and the
Humanity formulations; you have to do this in order to do your duty



hypothetical imperatives - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a means to another end



Universal law formulation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative
which states that an action is morally permissible if and only if the maxim associated with the action is
universalizable



realm of ends - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅hypothetical state of existence that is derived from Kant's
categorical imperative composed entirely of rational beings capable of moral deliberation



right - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an entitlement to be free to engage in some activity, to exercise a
certain power, or to be provided with some benefit



rights-based moral theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a moral theory according to which moral rights
(claims) are the basis for explaining the rightness and wrongness of actions



virtue ethics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅type of moral theory that makes considerations of virtue and
vice the basis for explaining the rightness and wrongness of actions



virtues and vices - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅honesty/dishonesty, courage/cowardice,
justice/injustice, temperance/intemperance, beneficence/selfishness, humility/arrogance,
loyalty/disloyalty, gratitude/ingratitude