HESI & Final Pharmacology Exam Questions with Accurate
Answers.
D. Antagonist
***An antagonist is a drug that prevents receptor activation. A selective drug
has only the desired response but may not activate receptors. An agonist is a
molecule that activates receptors. A potent drug requires a lower dose to
achieve its effect. - accurate answers-The nurse prepares to give a drug that
will prevent receptor activation. Which term would describe this drug?
A. Potent
B. Agonist
C. Selective
D. Antagonist
C. Pharmacodynamics
***Pharmacodynamics is the study of what drugs do to the body.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body.
Pharmacotherapeutics is the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat
disease or to prevent pregnancy. Pharmacology is the study of drugs in
humans. - accurate answers-What is the term for the study of how drugs
influence the body?
A. Pharmacology
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacotherapeutics
D. The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the
lethal dose.
,***A low therapeutic index indicates that the high doses needed to produce
therapeutic effects in some people may be large enough to cause death. A high
therapeutic index is more desirable, because the average lethal dose is higher
than the therapeutic dose. Low variability of responses to a drug is not the
definition of a low therapeutic index. - accurate answers-Why does the nurse
monitor the patient closely after administering a drug with a low therapeutic
index?
A. There is a low variability of responses to this drug.
B. The average lethal dose of the drug is much higher than the therapeutic
dose.
C. The dose required to produce a therapeutic response in 50% of patients is
low.
D. The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the
lethal dose.
A. Monitor the patient's plasma drug level periodically.
***The therapeutic range of a drug is the range between the minimum
effective concentration of the drug in the plasma to obtain the desired drug
action and the minimum toxic concentration. The nurse must monitor the
plasma drug level periodically to avoid drug toxicity while caring for a patient
receiving a drug with a low therapeutic index, such as digoxin. Some
medications, such as diphenhydramine [Benadryl], cause drowsiness as a side
effect. In such cases, the nurse instructs patients not to drive after taking the
medication. Some drugs bind to the protein molecules in the body. The nurse
monitors serum albumin levels in patients receiving those drugs to determine
the possibility of drug toxicity. Patients who are prescribed enteric-coated
tablets should not eat a high-fat meal before taking the drug, as that will
decrease the absorption rate of the drug. - accurate answers-The nurse is
caring for a patient who is receiving a drug with a low therapeutic index.
Which is the most important nursing intervention for this patient?
A. Monitor the patient's plasma drug level periodically.
B. Monitor the patient's serum albumin levels periodically.
,C. Instruct the patient not to drive after taking the medication.
D. Instruct the patient not to take the drug after a high-fat meal.
B. Increased heart rate
***Dobutamine mimics the action of norepinephrine (NE) at receptors on the
heart, thereby causing an increase in the heart's rate and force of contraction.
- accurate answers-The drug dobutamine acts as an agonist of norepinephrine
(NE) receptors. Which effect is the nurse most likely to observe in a patient
receiving this medication?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Increased heart rate
C. Reduced cardiac output
D. Atrioventricular heart block
B. Antagonist
***An antagonist drug is one that blocks the histamine receptors to prevent
excessive gastric secretion. Drugs that produce a response are called agonists.
For example, epinephrine [Adrenalin] is an agonist that stimulates beta1 and
beta2 receptors. Nonspecific drugs affect various sites in the body.
Bethanechol [Urecholine] is a nonspecific cholinergic drug that affects
cholinergic receptors located in the eye, heart, blood vessels, stomach,
bronchus, and bladder. Nonselective drugs affect various receptors.
Chlorpromazine [Thorazine] acts on the norepinephrine, dopamine,
acetylcholine, and histamine receptors, and a variety of responses result from
action at these receptor sites. - accurate answers-The nurse is caring for a
patient who is prescribed a drug to block the histamine receptors to prevent
excessive gastric secretion. Which category of drugs does this medication
belong to?
A. Agonist
, B. Antagonist
C. Nonspecific
D. Nonselective
A. Antacids
***Antacids do not act through receptors. Antacids neutralize gastric activity
by direct chemical interaction with stomach acid. - accurate answers-The
nursing student learns that not all drugs produce effects by binding to a
receptor. Which drugs do not act through receptors?
A. Antacids
B. Analgesics
C. Antihistamines
D. Steroid hormones
A. Bronchial dilation
B. Increased heart rate
F. Increased force of heart contraction
***Activation of beta1 and beta2 receptors results in dilation of the bronchi,
increased cardiac output (by increasing the heart rate and force of
contraction); and elevation of the blood glucose level. - accurate answers-The
nurse is administering isoproterenol, a beta1 and beta2 agonist. The nurse
understands activation of these two receptors will result in which expected
drug effects? Select all that apply.
A. Bronchial dilation
B. Increased heart rate
Answers.
D. Antagonist
***An antagonist is a drug that prevents receptor activation. A selective drug
has only the desired response but may not activate receptors. An agonist is a
molecule that activates receptors. A potent drug requires a lower dose to
achieve its effect. - accurate answers-The nurse prepares to give a drug that
will prevent receptor activation. Which term would describe this drug?
A. Potent
B. Agonist
C. Selective
D. Antagonist
C. Pharmacodynamics
***Pharmacodynamics is the study of what drugs do to the body.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body.
Pharmacotherapeutics is the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat
disease or to prevent pregnancy. Pharmacology is the study of drugs in
humans. - accurate answers-What is the term for the study of how drugs
influence the body?
A. Pharmacology
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacotherapeutics
D. The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the
lethal dose.
,***A low therapeutic index indicates that the high doses needed to produce
therapeutic effects in some people may be large enough to cause death. A high
therapeutic index is more desirable, because the average lethal dose is higher
than the therapeutic dose. Low variability of responses to a drug is not the
definition of a low therapeutic index. - accurate answers-Why does the nurse
monitor the patient closely after administering a drug with a low therapeutic
index?
A. There is a low variability of responses to this drug.
B. The average lethal dose of the drug is much higher than the therapeutic
dose.
C. The dose required to produce a therapeutic response in 50% of patients is
low.
D. The highest dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect is close to the
lethal dose.
A. Monitor the patient's plasma drug level periodically.
***The therapeutic range of a drug is the range between the minimum
effective concentration of the drug in the plasma to obtain the desired drug
action and the minimum toxic concentration. The nurse must monitor the
plasma drug level periodically to avoid drug toxicity while caring for a patient
receiving a drug with a low therapeutic index, such as digoxin. Some
medications, such as diphenhydramine [Benadryl], cause drowsiness as a side
effect. In such cases, the nurse instructs patients not to drive after taking the
medication. Some drugs bind to the protein molecules in the body. The nurse
monitors serum albumin levels in patients receiving those drugs to determine
the possibility of drug toxicity. Patients who are prescribed enteric-coated
tablets should not eat a high-fat meal before taking the drug, as that will
decrease the absorption rate of the drug. - accurate answers-The nurse is
caring for a patient who is receiving a drug with a low therapeutic index.
Which is the most important nursing intervention for this patient?
A. Monitor the patient's plasma drug level periodically.
B. Monitor the patient's serum albumin levels periodically.
,C. Instruct the patient not to drive after taking the medication.
D. Instruct the patient not to take the drug after a high-fat meal.
B. Increased heart rate
***Dobutamine mimics the action of norepinephrine (NE) at receptors on the
heart, thereby causing an increase in the heart's rate and force of contraction.
- accurate answers-The drug dobutamine acts as an agonist of norepinephrine
(NE) receptors. Which effect is the nurse most likely to observe in a patient
receiving this medication?
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Increased heart rate
C. Reduced cardiac output
D. Atrioventricular heart block
B. Antagonist
***An antagonist drug is one that blocks the histamine receptors to prevent
excessive gastric secretion. Drugs that produce a response are called agonists.
For example, epinephrine [Adrenalin] is an agonist that stimulates beta1 and
beta2 receptors. Nonspecific drugs affect various sites in the body.
Bethanechol [Urecholine] is a nonspecific cholinergic drug that affects
cholinergic receptors located in the eye, heart, blood vessels, stomach,
bronchus, and bladder. Nonselective drugs affect various receptors.
Chlorpromazine [Thorazine] acts on the norepinephrine, dopamine,
acetylcholine, and histamine receptors, and a variety of responses result from
action at these receptor sites. - accurate answers-The nurse is caring for a
patient who is prescribed a drug to block the histamine receptors to prevent
excessive gastric secretion. Which category of drugs does this medication
belong to?
A. Agonist
, B. Antagonist
C. Nonspecific
D. Nonselective
A. Antacids
***Antacids do not act through receptors. Antacids neutralize gastric activity
by direct chemical interaction with stomach acid. - accurate answers-The
nursing student learns that not all drugs produce effects by binding to a
receptor. Which drugs do not act through receptors?
A. Antacids
B. Analgesics
C. Antihistamines
D. Steroid hormones
A. Bronchial dilation
B. Increased heart rate
F. Increased force of heart contraction
***Activation of beta1 and beta2 receptors results in dilation of the bronchi,
increased cardiac output (by increasing the heart rate and force of
contraction); and elevation of the blood glucose level. - accurate answers-The
nurse is administering isoproterenol, a beta1 and beta2 agonist. The nurse
understands activation of these two receptors will result in which expected
drug effects? Select all that apply.
A. Bronchial dilation
B. Increased heart rate
