Film Exam 1 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
early version of a "magic lantern" - Answers It was a device with a lens that projected images from
transparencies onto a screen, with a simple light source (such as a candle).]
17th century by Athanasius Kircher in Rome - Answers invented the early version of a "magic lantern"
Thaumatrope - Answers the earliest version of an optical illusion toy that exploited the concept of
"persistence of vision" first presented by Peter Mark Roget in a scholarly article) by an English doctor
named Dr. John Ayrton Paris
Peter Mark Roget - Answers invented the "persistence of vision"
law of electromagnetic induction - Answers a principle used in generating electricity and powering
motors and other machines (including film equipment)
English scientist Michael Faraday - Answers discovered the law of electromagnetic induction
Fantascope (also called Phenakistiscope or "spindle viewer") - Answers a device that simulated motion.
A series or sequence of separate pictures depicting stages of an activity, such as juggling or dancing,
were arranged around the perimeter or edges of a slotted disk. When the disk was placed before a
mirror and spun or rotated, a Zoetropespectator looking through the slots 'perceived' a moving picture.
Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau - Answers invented the Fantascope (also called Phenakistiscope or
"spindle viewer")
Daedalum (Zoetrope) - Answers a stroboscopic device that was a hollow, rotating drum/cylinder with a
crank, with a strip of sequential photographs, drawings, paintings or illustrations on the interior surface
and regularly spaced narrow slits through which a spectator observed the 'moving' drawings.
British inventor William George Horner - Answers invented and patented stroboscopic device
adaptation, the Daedalum (renamed the Zoetrope in 1867 by American William Lincoln)
William Lincoln - Answers renamed the daedalum to zoetrope
daguerreotype - Answers a commercially-viable method of capturing still images on silvered, copper-
metal plates
French painter and inventor Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre - Answers discovered commercially-viable
daguerreotype
calotype (Talbotype) - Answers a process for printing negative photographs on high-quality paper
British inventor William Henry Fox Talbot - Answers patented calotype (Talbotype)
Kinematoscope - Answers an improved rotating paddle machine to view (by hand-cranking) a series of
stereoscopic still pictures on glass plates that were sequentially mounted in a cabinet-box
, Philadelphian Coleman Sellers - Answers invented/patented the Kinematoscope
celluloid - Answers -flexible and transparent film
-used as the base for photographic film
John Wesley Hyatt - Answers developed celluloid
Phasmotrope (or Phasmatrope) - Answers showed a rapid succession of still or posed photographs of
dancers, giving the illusion of motion
Henry Renno Heyl in Philadelphia - Answers demonstrated the Phasmotrope (or Phasmatrope)
Praxinoscope - Answers a 'projector' device with a mirrored drum that created the illusion of movement
with picture strips, a refined version of the Zoetrope with mirrors at the center of the drum instead of
slots; public demonstrations of the Praxinoscope were made by the early 1890s with screenings of 15
minute 'movies' at his Parisian Theatre Optique
Charles Emile Reynaud - Answers invented the Praxinoscope
Thomas Alva Edison - Answers who discovered the first public exhibition of an efficient incandescent
light bulb, later used for film projectors
Eadweard Muybridge - Answers -photographic loco-motion studies (of animals and humans)
-published "The Horse in Motion"
-recording the movements of a galloping horse, first at a Sacramento (California) race track
-conducted a 'chronophotography' experiment in Palo Alto (California)
-proved that all four of the horse's feet were off the ground at the same time
-pictures were often cut into strips and used in a Praxinoscope
-stop-action series of photographs helped lead to his own 1879 invention of the Zoopraxiscope (or
"zoogyroscope", also called the "wheel of life"),
Praxinoscope - Answers -the first 'movie machine' that could project a series of images onto a screen
-a descendant of the zoetrope device
- invented by Charles Emile Reynaud
Charles Emile Reynaud - Answers invented the Praxinoscope
Zoopraxiscope (or "zoogyroscope", also called the "wheel of life") - Answers a primitive motion-picture
projector machine that also recreated the illusion of movement (or animation) by projecting images -
rapidly displayed in succession - onto a screen from photos printed on a rotating glass disc.
early version of a "magic lantern" - Answers It was a device with a lens that projected images from
transparencies onto a screen, with a simple light source (such as a candle).]
17th century by Athanasius Kircher in Rome - Answers invented the early version of a "magic lantern"
Thaumatrope - Answers the earliest version of an optical illusion toy that exploited the concept of
"persistence of vision" first presented by Peter Mark Roget in a scholarly article) by an English doctor
named Dr. John Ayrton Paris
Peter Mark Roget - Answers invented the "persistence of vision"
law of electromagnetic induction - Answers a principle used in generating electricity and powering
motors and other machines (including film equipment)
English scientist Michael Faraday - Answers discovered the law of electromagnetic induction
Fantascope (also called Phenakistiscope or "spindle viewer") - Answers a device that simulated motion.
A series or sequence of separate pictures depicting stages of an activity, such as juggling or dancing,
were arranged around the perimeter or edges of a slotted disk. When the disk was placed before a
mirror and spun or rotated, a Zoetropespectator looking through the slots 'perceived' a moving picture.
Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau - Answers invented the Fantascope (also called Phenakistiscope or
"spindle viewer")
Daedalum (Zoetrope) - Answers a stroboscopic device that was a hollow, rotating drum/cylinder with a
crank, with a strip of sequential photographs, drawings, paintings or illustrations on the interior surface
and regularly spaced narrow slits through which a spectator observed the 'moving' drawings.
British inventor William George Horner - Answers invented and patented stroboscopic device
adaptation, the Daedalum (renamed the Zoetrope in 1867 by American William Lincoln)
William Lincoln - Answers renamed the daedalum to zoetrope
daguerreotype - Answers a commercially-viable method of capturing still images on silvered, copper-
metal plates
French painter and inventor Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre - Answers discovered commercially-viable
daguerreotype
calotype (Talbotype) - Answers a process for printing negative photographs on high-quality paper
British inventor William Henry Fox Talbot - Answers patented calotype (Talbotype)
Kinematoscope - Answers an improved rotating paddle machine to view (by hand-cranking) a series of
stereoscopic still pictures on glass plates that were sequentially mounted in a cabinet-box
, Philadelphian Coleman Sellers - Answers invented/patented the Kinematoscope
celluloid - Answers -flexible and transparent film
-used as the base for photographic film
John Wesley Hyatt - Answers developed celluloid
Phasmotrope (or Phasmatrope) - Answers showed a rapid succession of still or posed photographs of
dancers, giving the illusion of motion
Henry Renno Heyl in Philadelphia - Answers demonstrated the Phasmotrope (or Phasmatrope)
Praxinoscope - Answers a 'projector' device with a mirrored drum that created the illusion of movement
with picture strips, a refined version of the Zoetrope with mirrors at the center of the drum instead of
slots; public demonstrations of the Praxinoscope were made by the early 1890s with screenings of 15
minute 'movies' at his Parisian Theatre Optique
Charles Emile Reynaud - Answers invented the Praxinoscope
Thomas Alva Edison - Answers who discovered the first public exhibition of an efficient incandescent
light bulb, later used for film projectors
Eadweard Muybridge - Answers -photographic loco-motion studies (of animals and humans)
-published "The Horse in Motion"
-recording the movements of a galloping horse, first at a Sacramento (California) race track
-conducted a 'chronophotography' experiment in Palo Alto (California)
-proved that all four of the horse's feet were off the ground at the same time
-pictures were often cut into strips and used in a Praxinoscope
-stop-action series of photographs helped lead to his own 1879 invention of the Zoopraxiscope (or
"zoogyroscope", also called the "wheel of life"),
Praxinoscope - Answers -the first 'movie machine' that could project a series of images onto a screen
-a descendant of the zoetrope device
- invented by Charles Emile Reynaud
Charles Emile Reynaud - Answers invented the Praxinoscope
Zoopraxiscope (or "zoogyroscope", also called the "wheel of life") - Answers a primitive motion-picture
projector machine that also recreated the illusion of movement (or animation) by projecting images -
rapidly displayed in succession - onto a screen from photos printed on a rotating glass disc.
