APEA 3P EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Most common type of skin cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms ~CORRECT ANSWER~Appearance varies;
smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations ~CORRECT ANSWER~cheeks, nose, face,
neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~biopsy. if
not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis ~CORRECT ANSWER~Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~small-
cryotherapy
,large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to
ooze, crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~chronic red scaly rough textured
lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations ~CORRECT ANSWER~rims of ears,
lips, nose, face and top of hands
precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? ~CORRECT ANSWER~biopsy gold
standard. if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) ~CORRECT
ANSWER~Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic
exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) ~CORRECT ANSWER~asymmetry
(shape/uneven texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
,diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma ~CORRECT ANSWER~Most common type of
melanoma in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot
or mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis ~CORRECT ANSWER~soft, round, wart-like growth that is
light tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria ~CORRECT ANSWER~Streptococcus pneumoniae-
most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) ~CORRECT ANSWER~High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
, Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions
(purpura) which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease ~CORRECT ANSWER~yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient ~CORRECT ANSWER~IV Abx ASAP,
resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid
correction), Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if
present (dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain),
low stim environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter ~CORRECT ANSWER~Close
contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) ~CORRECT ANSWER~Tests for
meningeal irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Most common type of skin cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms ~CORRECT ANSWER~Appearance varies;
smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations ~CORRECT ANSWER~cheeks, nose, face,
neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~biopsy. if
not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis ~CORRECT ANSWER~Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard ~CORRECT ANSWER~small-
cryotherapy
,large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to
ooze, crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~chronic red scaly rough textured
lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations ~CORRECT ANSWER~rims of ears,
lips, nose, face and top of hands
precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? ~CORRECT ANSWER~biopsy gold
standard. if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) ~CORRECT
ANSWER~Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic
exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) ~CORRECT ANSWER~asymmetry
(shape/uneven texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
,diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma ~CORRECT ANSWER~Most common type of
melanoma in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot
or mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis ~CORRECT ANSWER~soft, round, wart-like growth that is
light tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria ~CORRECT ANSWER~Streptococcus pneumoniae-
most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) ~CORRECT ANSWER~High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
, Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions
(purpura) which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease ~CORRECT ANSWER~yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient ~CORRECT ANSWER~IV Abx ASAP,
resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid
correction), Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if
present (dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain),
low stim environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter ~CORRECT ANSWER~Close
contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) ~CORRECT ANSWER~Tests for
meningeal irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
