ASM 275 UNIT 2 EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sex - Pelvic morphology - ANS Pelvic shape
1) Sciatic notch
2) Ventral arc
3) Subpubic concavity
4) Ischio-pubic ramus ridge
5) Pubic bone size
sex - greater Sciatic notch - ANS Preserves the best
Wider in females
(1 2 3 4 5) males=1, females=5
Sex-Specific Aspects of Cranial Anatomy - ANS 1) Nuchal Crest
2) Mastoid Process
3) Supraorbital Margins
4) Glabella projection
5) Mental Eminence - chin projection
6) Forehead profile
7) Frontal/Parietal bossing
8) Root of Cheek
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,Sex - Mental Eminence - ANS Males are more defined
Area right in the middle of the chin
(1 2 3 4 5) females=1, males=5
Sex - Forehead profiles - ANS Females - more vertical foreheads
Males - more sloping foreheads
Population Specific - ANS Patterns of sexual dimorphism are population specific. So, the
range of male size variation will be different in one population versus another.
Sexing - Subadults - ANS Deciduous tooth crown dimensions
DNA Sexing
Age - Deciduous tooth crown dimensions - ANS baby teeth are sexually dimorphic
adult tooth crown dimensions - because adult teeth form and erupt in childhood
Sex - DNA Sexing - subadults - ANS Can be used for small fragments of bones or teeth
Look for sex-specific DNA markers (Y chromosome = male)
Age - Subadult age assessment - ANS Dental Formation Patterns
Dental Eruption Patterns
Long Bone Length
Epiphysial Appearance
Epiphysial Closure
Age - dental formation patterns (subadult) - ANS Teeth grow from the crown toward the root
Use data from known cases to generate growth curves
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, Age - dental eruption patterns (subadult) - ANS Based on eruption of teeth thru gum-line
Less accurate than dental formation
sex/population specific
requires near complete mouth
Age - long bone length (subadult) - ANS Based on simple observation that growing children
increase in size
We have growth standards
Age - Epiphysial Appearance/Closure (subadult) - ANS once an epiphysis is formed, it
increases in size until it fuses with the diaphysis
Age - Adult Age Assessment - ANS 1) Pubic symphysis
2) Auricular surface
3) Sternal rib ends
4) Cranial suture closure
5) Cementum annulation
6) Bone Histology (osteons)
a - ANS Height
a - ANS Used for complete skeletons
Measures height of:
skull, vertebral bodies, femur length, tibia length, ankle length, add soft tissue connection
(inter-vertebral discs)
Stature - Regression Methods - ANS Used if not able to get full skeleton
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sex - Pelvic morphology - ANS Pelvic shape
1) Sciatic notch
2) Ventral arc
3) Subpubic concavity
4) Ischio-pubic ramus ridge
5) Pubic bone size
sex - greater Sciatic notch - ANS Preserves the best
Wider in females
(1 2 3 4 5) males=1, females=5
Sex-Specific Aspects of Cranial Anatomy - ANS 1) Nuchal Crest
2) Mastoid Process
3) Supraorbital Margins
4) Glabella projection
5) Mental Eminence - chin projection
6) Forehead profile
7) Frontal/Parietal bossing
8) Root of Cheek
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Sex - Mental Eminence - ANS Males are more defined
Area right in the middle of the chin
(1 2 3 4 5) females=1, males=5
Sex - Forehead profiles - ANS Females - more vertical foreheads
Males - more sloping foreheads
Population Specific - ANS Patterns of sexual dimorphism are population specific. So, the
range of male size variation will be different in one population versus another.
Sexing - Subadults - ANS Deciduous tooth crown dimensions
DNA Sexing
Age - Deciduous tooth crown dimensions - ANS baby teeth are sexually dimorphic
adult tooth crown dimensions - because adult teeth form and erupt in childhood
Sex - DNA Sexing - subadults - ANS Can be used for small fragments of bones or teeth
Look for sex-specific DNA markers (Y chromosome = male)
Age - Subadult age assessment - ANS Dental Formation Patterns
Dental Eruption Patterns
Long Bone Length
Epiphysial Appearance
Epiphysial Closure
Age - dental formation patterns (subadult) - ANS Teeth grow from the crown toward the root
Use data from known cases to generate growth curves
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Age - dental eruption patterns (subadult) - ANS Based on eruption of teeth thru gum-line
Less accurate than dental formation
sex/population specific
requires near complete mouth
Age - long bone length (subadult) - ANS Based on simple observation that growing children
increase in size
We have growth standards
Age - Epiphysial Appearance/Closure (subadult) - ANS once an epiphysis is formed, it
increases in size until it fuses with the diaphysis
Age - Adult Age Assessment - ANS 1) Pubic symphysis
2) Auricular surface
3) Sternal rib ends
4) Cranial suture closure
5) Cementum annulation
6) Bone Histology (osteons)
a - ANS Height
a - ANS Used for complete skeletons
Measures height of:
skull, vertebral bodies, femur length, tibia length, ankle length, add soft tissue connection
(inter-vertebral discs)
Stature - Regression Methods - ANS Used if not able to get full skeleton
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
